Prejudice

Question 1

Stereotypes

Answer 1

Cognitions about a group of people

Question 2

Prejudice

Answer 2

Negative affect/feelings toward a group

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Negative or differential behavior toward a group

Question 4

Gender Resume Study

Answer 4

 Ps review resume of applicant for a job
 IND: Application is male or female
 IND2: Job is stereotypically masculine (“chief of staff”) or feminine (“secretary”)
 DV: Perceived competence
 Results: Masculine job-male is more competent. Feminine job-female is more competent.

Question 5

Aversive Racism Theory

Answer 5

• White individuals sympathize with Black individuals as victims of past injustice
• Regard themselves as egalitarian and “fair-minded”
• But, still possess negative feelings toward Black individuals (as a result of early socialization)
o How to observe aversive racism
• In situations where the norms for how to treat others are clear, White individuals treat White and Black individuals equally
• But, if the norms are not clear, we see White individuals discriminating against Black individuals

Question 6

Race and Helping Study

Answer 6

• Whites work with a partner who is performing poorly at a task
• IND1: Partner is White or Black
• IND2: Partner is failing because task is difficult or because he isn’t trying
• DV: Rates of helping
• Results: When task is hard-almost equal help. When perceived as lazy- Whites are helped twice as much (norm was less clear)

Question 7

Implicit Prejudice

Answer 7

Prejudice that people are not consciously aware of having

Question 8

Implicit Association Test

Answer 8

Measures the strength of association between concepts.
o E.g., is “black” more quickly associated with unpleasant things than “white”?
o How quickly you can associate things.
• A Low-Tech Demonstration of the IAT
• Race IAT effect = time to associate
o Black with pleasant/White with unpleasant MINUS (25)
o Black with unpleasant/White with pleasant (13)
• Race IAT = 12

Question 9

Race Conversation Study

Answer 9

o Predicting “explicit” attitudes and behavior measures:
• Race IAT
• Explicit racial attitudes
• Interaction with a Black experimenter coded for speaking time, speech errors, smiling
• Explicit anti-black predj IAT (anti-black) .42*
• Speaking Time IAT = -.51** Explicit anti-Black prejudice -.18
• Speech errors .42* //// -.05
• Smiling -.39 ////// -.21

Question 10

Realistic Group Conflict Study

Answer 10

Robbers Cave) (put a bunch of people together and they are in competition they start to hate each other

Question 11

Jewish American Princess Study

Answer 11

o Hypothesis: a self-esteem threat would result in more discrimination
o IV1: job applicant: JAP or non-Jap
o IV2: self-esteem threat OR no threat: P’s received positive vs. negative feedback about social skills
o DV: ratings of applicant’s qualifications
o Rating of the target:
• Positive- Jewish 81 Italian 83
• Negative Jewish 64 Italian 83
• People are prejudice because it’s a way to put others down so you feel better about yourself

Question 12

Terror Management and Prejudice

Answer 12

• A terror management perspective on prejudice
o Cultural sources of meaning protect people form mortality concerns
o Therefore, reminding people of the their mortality should lead to…
• positive attitudes toward similar others
• negative attitudes toward dissimilar others

Question 13

Mortality Prejudice Study

Answer 13

o IV1: mortality salience prime OR control
o IV2: other person: Jewish or Christian
o DV: ratings of the other’s intelligence, knowledge, personality, etc.
o Ratings of target:
• Mortality salient: Christian 30 Jew 26
• Mortality non-salient: Christian 27.5 Jew 29

Question 14

The Contact Hypothesis

Answer 14

Direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice

Question 15

Factors necessary for contact to reduce prejudice

Answer 15

• Common goals
• Mutual interdependence (they need each other)
• Equal status
• Contact is friendly, informal
• Multiple contacts
• Social norms promote equality