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Art History 110 > Prehistory, Far East, and Egypt > Flashcards

Prehistory, Far East, and Egypt Flashcards

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1
Q

ID - Spotted Horses & Negative Hand Imprints

A

Paleolithic Period & Culture

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2
Q

ID - Rhino, Man, Bison

A

Paleolithic Period & Culture

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3
Q

ID - Stonehenge

A

Neolithic Period & Culture

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4
Q

ID - Votive Statuettes from Square Temple

A

Sumerian, 2700 BCE

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5
Q

ID - Venus of Willendorf

A

Paleolithic Period & Culture

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6
Q

ID - Ziggurat at Ur

A

Neo-Sumerian, 2100 BCE

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7
Q

ID - Victory Stele of Naram-Sin

A

Akkadian, 2254-2218 BCE

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8
Q

ID - Stele of Hammurabi

A

Babylonian, 1780 BCE

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9
Q

ID - Palette of King Narmer

A

Egyptian, Pre/Early Dynastic Period

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10
Q

ID - Step Pyramid of King Zoser

A

Imhotep, Pre/Early Dynastic Period

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11
Q

ID - The Great Pyramids at Gizeh

A

Egyptian, Old Kingdom

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12
Q

ID - The Sphinx

A

Egyptian, Old Kingdom

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13
Q

ID - Akhenaten (Akhenaton) Pillar Statue

A

Egyptian, Armana Period (New Kingdom)

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14
Q

ID - Queen Nefertiti (Beautiful One is Here)

A

Egyptian, Armana Period (New Kingdom)

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15
Q

ID - Akhenaton, Nefertiti & 3 Daughters

A

Egyptian, Armana Period (New Kingdom)

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16
Q

ID - Tutankhamen, Death Mask

A

Egyptian, Post-Armana Period (New Kingdom)

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17
Q

What does the Venus of Willendorf represent?

A

The idea of a female in Paleolithic culture.

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18
Q

What is a fetish statuette?

A

An inanimate object that is revered because it is believed to have magical powers.

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19
Q

What was the original theory of prehistoric stylistic development and how did the Chauvet cave paintings affect it?

A

Less naturalistic –> More naturalistic. The Chauvet paintings are the oldest known cave paintings but also the most naturalistic.

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20
Q

What is the function of “Rhino, Man, & Bison”? Symbolic or pictoral and why?

A

Symbolic function, because it is a narrative. Content over form.

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21
Q

What does abstraction of images correspond with?

A

Abstract ideas/concepts.

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22
Q

What was the Mesolithic Period?

A

A transitional period between the Paleolithic and Neolithics Periods.

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23
Q

What is Post & Lintel construction?

A

_

| |

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24
Q

Define megalith, monolith, and megalithic culture.

A

Megalith: Great stones, Monolith: One large stone, Megalithic Culture: Neolithic Culture (builds large, permanent works of architecture)

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25
Q

True/False: Prehistoric art was intentional.

A

True

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26
Q

Define representation.

A

The presenting again (in different and substitute form) of something observed.

27
Q

What is the difference between culture and society?

A

Society has an infrastructure with a shared culture. Culture is values and ideas.

28
Q

What were the three new inventions of the Sumerians?

A

City-states (specialization of labor; theocracy), Man-God relations (established direction of skyward worship), Cuneiform writing

29
Q

What concepts were introduced in the “Victory Stele of Naram-Sin”?

A

Hierarchies & Royal Power (unswerving loyalty of citizens to the king).

30
Q

What ‘firsts’ are present in the “Stele of Hammurabi”?

A

First unified code of laws and first representation of a god in human form.

31
Q

What new element did the Assyrians bring to art?

A

Observation of movement in space.

32
Q

What is the hollow cast method?

A

Core of clay –> wax layer with vents –> clay layer –> heated to remove wax –> filled with molten metal

33
Q

Definite animism.

A

The belief that even “inanimate” objects have spirits.

34
Q

Define pantheism.

A

The belief that nature and god are the same thing.

35
Q

What is the purpose of votive statuettes?

A

Constant prayer on the behalf of their donors (large open eyes = windows to the soul).

36
Q

What are pictographs?

A

Picture writing.

37
Q

What were ziggurats for?

A

“Waiting rooms” for god to appear.

38
Q

What is a theocracy?

A

Society ruled by gods/priests.

39
Q

What is theocratic socialism?

A

Society controlled by gods/priests; no division between church and state whatsoever.

40
Q

Where is Mesopotamia and what is it often called?

A

Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. Nicknamed the “cradle of civilization”.

41
Q

What new concept was invented by the Akkadians?

A

Royal power.

42
Q

What new concept was invented by the Babylonians?

A

A unified code of laws.

43
Q

Where is the Near East?

A

Egypt –> Iraq. Commonly referred to as the “Middle East” in popular culture.

44
Q

What are the two most important facts about the Palette of King Narmer?

A

It establishes a canon of proportions & is a historical record of the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

45
Q

True/False: Upper Egypt is further north than Lower Egypt.

A

False.

46
Q

What is a mastaba?

A

The first type of Egyptian tomb. Means “bench” in Arabic.

47
Q

What is the Egyptian culture often called?

A

The Cult of the Dead.

48
Q

Who was the first artist/architect of recorded history and what did they create?

A

Imhotep created the “Stepped Pyramid of King Zoser”.

49
Q

Define necropolis.

A

City of the dead.

50
Q

What concept did pyramids represent?

A

The sun. They pointed up towards the sun and were aligned towards Heliopolis (sun city).

51
Q

What two functions did pyramids serve?

A

Protected tombs and signified god-like power through sheer size.

52
Q

What does the Sphinx represent?

A

The Sphinx is a hieroglyph that means ‘the King has departed’.

53
Q

What purpose does a sculpture in a tomb serve?

A

A back-up container for the Ka/spirit of the deceased.

54
Q

What is a rock-cut tomb?

A

The final type of tomb in Egypt. Hollowed out of mountains.

55
Q

What is significant about the architecture of the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut?

A

Terraced colonnades made up of pillars.

56
Q

What happened to Queen Hatshepsut?

A

Condemnation of memory: a judgement that the person must not be remembered.

57
Q

What are the two theories behind the depictions of Akhenaton?

A

Physical anomaly or androygnous imagery.

58
Q

When was Tutankhamen’s tomb discovered and by whom?

A

1922 by Howard Carter.

59
Q

When was King Tut born?

A

1341 BCE in Armana.

60
Q

What is an ideogram?

A

A picture that represents an idea.

61
Q

What is the order of development of Egyptian tombs?

A

Mastaba –> Step Pyramid –> Great Pyramid –> Rock-Cut Tomb

62
Q

What is the difference between conceptual and perceptual art?

A

Perceptual focuses on the depiction while conceptual focuses on the thought.

63
Q

What did the Egyptians believe was eternal & unchanging?

A

The gods and anything relating to the gods, therefore also the King and anything relating to the King.

Art History 110 (4 decks)

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