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Ancient World > Prehistory > Flashcards

Prehistory Flashcards

1
Q

What can be used as evidence for Prehistory?

A

Artifacts found on archaeological cites, practices of modern nomadic peoples, and the gods/goddesses that reflect these ancient peoples

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2
Q

What does ‘Homo sapiens’ translate too and what does it claim?

A

‘Knowing humans’ and it claims that we are the most intelligent species

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3
Q

What are some of the features of Homo sapiens?

A 
self consciousness
complex 
language
abstract thought (projection into the future, maths, sciences, philosophy)
technology
artistic creation
conscience
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4
Q

Where and when did the Homo sapiens spread across the globe (4)?

A

Southern Easter Africa: 200,000 BP
Middle East: 100,000 BP
Europe: 40,000 BP
America: 15,000 BP

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5
Q

What could have caused the spread of Homo sapiens across the globe?

A

The need to to follow your food

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6
Q

What was the period of the Last Ice Age?

A

110,000 - 11,000 BP

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7
Q

What occurred during the Last Ice Age (3)?

A

The average temperature lowered by 10 degrees celsius
Glaciers formed and trapped ocean waters, causing the average water level to drop by 120m
Land bridges were created between islands/continents due to lower water levels

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8
Q

What was the Palaeolithic Period known as and when did it begin and end?

A

‘Old Stone Age’ (refers to the stone tools made during this period)
2.6 M yrs BP - 11,000 BCE

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9
Q

What was the Neolithic Period known as and when did it begin and end?

A

‘New Stone Age’ (refers to the stone tools made during this period)
11,000 BCE - 3,300 BCE

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10
Q

What are some characteristics (5) of Palaeolithic society?

A

Simple stone tools
Nomadic way of living
Artistic expression
Beginnings of spirituality Medicine

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11
Q

What were simple stone tools used for in Palaeolithic society?

A

Hunting and gathering

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12
Q

What was hunted in Palaeolithic society?

A

Rabbit, deer, buffalo, mammoth, fish, and horse (depending on the group)

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13
Q

What was gathered in Palaeolithic society?

A

Berries, nuts, leaves, and roots

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14
Q

What characterized nomadic living Palaeolithic society?

A

Small clans of maybe 30 people
Temporary shelters: igloos, huts, caves
Simple societal structure: minimal hierarchy, division of labor, fair distribution of resources, less division between gender and children

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15
Q

Name some examples (2) of artistic expression in Palaeolithic society.

A

Cave paintings and female figurines (Venuses)

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16
Q

What signs of the beginning of spirituality occurred in Palaeolithic society?

A

Phases of the moon
Venus sculptures
The fate of horses (not eaten, but seen as deserving respect)

17
Q

What did Palaeolithic society do in terms of medicine?

A

They consumed plants and tattooed each other

18
Q

What are some characteristics of Neolithic society?

A

Varied/specialized stone tools
Farming and animal domestication
Sedentary living
Surplus

19
Q

What was farmed in Neolithic society?

A

Figs, wheat, barley, and flax

20
Q

What animals were domesticated in Neolithic society?

A

Cats, dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, and bees

21
Q

What purpose did cats and dogs serve in Neolithic society?

A

They served as companion animals

22
Q

What is surplus?

A

It is additional food that the community does not need but can be used for other purposes

23
Q

What purposes was surplus used for in Neolithic society?

A

It was used for trade, feed for domesticated animals, and for sacrifices to the gods

24
Q

What kind of society causes the creation of complex societies in Neolithic society?

A

Sedentary living leads to complex societies due to their large settlements of 100s - 1000s of people

25
Q

What does the increase in population in Neolithic settlements lead to?

A

It leads to the creation of cities

26
Q

What led to the creation of writing in Neolithic society? Why was writing necessary?

A

Intensified trade led to the creation of writing due to the necessity of transaction records because of intensified trade

27
Q

What are the characteristics (11) of a complex society in the Neolithic period?

A 
Large settlements
Intensified trade
Monumental and permanent structures
Varied clothing (fibres)
Environmental footprint
Specialization of jobs
Uneven distribution of resources
Hardened hierarchy
Codified law
Organized warfare
Accumulation of wealth on a large scale
28
Q

What factors (3) contributed to the environmental footprint of complex societies in the Neolithic period?

A

Waste, pollution, and epidemics

29
Q

What is a product of the uneven distribution of resources in complex societies in the Neolithic period?

A

Debt slavery

30
Q

What was part of the hardened hierarchy of complex societies in the Neolithic period?

A

Gender, birth order, revenue, titles, and functions

31
Q

Name 3 impacts of farming on human society

A

Surplus, intensified trade, and waste

32
Q

What are the origins of marriage?

A

Marriage was important for the inheritance of the man’s children

33
Q

Name the 3 steps that led to the creation of clay tablets

A

1) Boxes were used to contain symbolic tokens and had lids made out of clay
2) The contents of the box were drawn on the cover with a reed or bone stylus
3) The clay lid with the drawn contents becomes the clay tablet commonly used for writing

34
Q

What characterizes complex government in Neolithic society?

A

Laws
Public works
War and peace
Taxes

35
Q

What are the products of the creation of laws?

A

Judges begin to exists

Justice and order become relevant

36
Q

What are the products of taxation?

A

Currency is invented

Taxation records are needed, leading to the creation of writing

37
Q

Why was writing invented?

A

In order to track trades and perform taxation

38
Q

When did Ötzi the Iceman die?

A

5,300 BP (3,300 BCE)

39
Q

What is Ötzi the Iceman, who is he, how did he die and where was he found?

A

What is he: oldest natural mummy
Who is he: most likely a migrant
How did he die: murder? it’s unclear
Where was he found: on the Ötzi Alps, Italy with a fire kit and he had tattoos on his body

Ancient World (7 decks)

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