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Ancient World > Ancient Rome > Flashcards

Ancient Rome Flashcards

1
Q

What was the legacy of Ancient Rome?

A

The spread of civilization in the Empire

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2
Q

What territories were conquered in the Empire?

A

Western Europe
Souther Europe
Middle East
North Africa

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3
Q

Who was Aneas?

A

He was a Trojan hero (son of Prince Anchides and Aphrodite) and was the ancestor of Romulus and Remus

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4
Q

Who are Remus and Romulus?

A

They were the sons of Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia and are the founders of Rome

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5
Q

Who were the Etruscans?

A

The Etruscans were a people who remain mysterious to this day despite the rich archaeological record they left behind and their language that remains undeciphered. This civilization established a confederation of independent city-states in north-central Italy and were skilled metalworkers, artists, and architects.

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6
Q

What role did they play in the early history of Rome?

A

The role that they played in the early history of Rome was the inspiration they provided for the empire in architecture, entertainment, and myth. The Romans adopted the use of arches and vaults in the structures they built, performed the bloody sport of gladiatorial combat for entertainment, and derived two of the empire’s foundation myths from Etruscan tradition.

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7
Q

What structures were built as the foundations of cities in Rome?

A

Administration: Basilica
Cult: Temples (the Pantheon
Entertainment: Amphitheatres (the Colosseum)
Housing: Villas and Insullae

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8
Q

When was the Colosseum built and during whose rule?

A

80 CE under the rule of Emperor Vespasian

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9
Q

What was the Colosseum?

A

It was a free-standing structure that was 48 m tall made of concrete and limestone that could hold 50-80,000 spectators and was entered through the vomitoria

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10
Q

How did the Roman Empire spread civilization?

A

They conquered territories around the Mediterranean Sea and built monuments, roads, aqueducts, etc.

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11
Q

What architectural elements (infrastructures) were built that are meant to support life in/between cities?

A

Roads/streets
Bridges/tunnels
Aqueducts/sewers

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12
Q

What were roads used for?

A 
Military conquest
Military dispatch
Communications
Tax collection
Trade
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13
Q

What were tunnels used for?

A

Water supply
Military + other transport
Mining

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14
Q

What were aqueducts used for?

A

Carried fresh water from rivers to cities for public baths, decorative fountains, and drinking

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15
Q

What were sewers used for?

A

Waste disposal

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16
Q

Who were the contenders of the Punic Wars of the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C.E.? How did their consequences worsen for Carthage following each war?

A

The contenders of the Punic Wars of the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C.E was Carthage and Rome. In the first period of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginians had to cede all of their Sicilian lands to Rome and to pay reparations. In the second period of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginians had exhausted the vast majority of their resources and had no reserves forthcoming. In the third period of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginians were defeated allowing the Romans to sell survivors into slavery and raze their city to the ground. The explanation for these worsening consequences is the increasing obsession that Romans had with defeating this foreign enemy as each period began and ended.

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17
Q

What is a republic?

A

It is a form of government/state in which power rests in the hands of more than one individual

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18
Q

What does democratic mean?

A

All citizens

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19
Q

What does oligarchic mean?

A

the privileged few

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20
Q

What characterized the Roman Republic in 509-27 BCE?

A

Democratic (in principle): all male citizens had the right to vote, fair trial, no death penalty, toga, and free wheat
Oligarchic (in practice): only the wealthiest actually voted

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21
Q

What was the structure of the Roman Republic?

A

Centuriate assembly
Senate
Consuls

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22
Q

What did the Centuriate assembly do?

A

Elect consuls

Accept/reject laws

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23
Q

What did the Senate do?

A 
Controls money, administration, and foreign policy
Advises consuls (powerful influence)
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24
Q

What did the Consuls do?

A

Call and preside over assemblies and Senate
Apply the law
Lead the military

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25
Q

What is an Empire?

A

Collection of states under the rule of one person

Monarchical form of government in an empire

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26
Q

What is the Principate?

A

Transition period in ancient Rome towards a monarchical government (empire) with some republican forms (i.e. Senate)

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27
Q

Where was Julius Caesar from?

A

Rome

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28
Q

What did Julius Caesar do?

A

Went on conquests with his own funds (Gaul), had games with 400 lions against 4000 war captives, and reformed the calendar from moon to sun

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29
Q

What were Julius Caesar’s titles?

A

Praetor, consul
Dictator
Dictator ‘in perpetuo’ (for life)

30
Q

When was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A

44 BCE

31
Q

Who was Octavian/Augustus

A

Octavian/Augustus was the adopted grandnephew of Julius Caesar.

32
Q

When and where did he live?

A

He lived in Rome from 63 B.C.E to 14 B.C.E.

33
Q

What were Augustus’ conquests?

A

He contributed the greatest additions to the empire: Egypt, Western Iberia, North border to Rhine/Danube

34
Q

What is Pax Romana during (Augustus’ rule)?

A

The 200 years that the Empire was free of civil wars

35
Q

What state reforms did Augustus do?

A 
Police + fire brigade
Tax collection
Colonies
Natal policy
ect.
36
Q

Who was the first emperor of Ancient Rome and what did he establish?

A

Octavian/Augustus and he established the Principate

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Augustus’ Principate?

A 
He was called Princeps
Stripped Senate of powers
Increased Senate membership (+600)
Designated a successor (Tiberius)
No rules for succession
He was declared god at death
38
Q

What is natural law and what did it inspire?

A

A set of principles that are based on the idea that humans are born with inalienable rights and it inspired the doctrine of human rights

39
Q

What are the inalienable rights of natural law>

A 
Life
Freedom
Equality
Property
Etc.
40
Q

What included natural law in Rome?

A 
Civil law (Rome, citizens)
Law of nations (World, non-citizens, foreigners)
41
Q

What does Liberal Arts mean?

A

Study curriculum for the free men/Liberal pursuits

42
Q

What was the curriculum of Liberal Arts?

A

Trivium: grammar, logic, rhetoric
Quadrivium: arithmetics, geometry, astronomy, music

43
Q

What forms of entertainment did Roman citizens find in amphitheaters?

A

Executions
Gladiator vs animal fights
Gladiator vs gladiato fights

44
Q

Who was Spartacus?

A

He was a Roman military auxiliary who was enslaved and sent to Capua gladiator school (cell blocks, training area with arena, bath complex, owner’s quarters) after performing a misdeed

45
Q

What was Spartacus the leader of?

A

He was the leader of the 3rd Servile War from 73-74 BCE

46
Q

What happened to Spartacus after the war and what was his intent of beginning it?

A

He escaped with 70-70,000 slaves

Intent: Escape to freedom or capture Rome?

47
Q

What were the consequences of the end of the Servile War?

A

Most slaves were killed and the 6000 that were captured are crucified and displayed on Via Appia

48
Q

What is slavery?

A

institution of holding certain human beings as properties (therefore not legal persons) without personal freedom

49
Q

What are the origins of slavery?

A

Chattel (Slavic and other foreign lands)

War (most) from conquered areas

50
Q

What is the dual role of shows in the Roman Empire?

A

Assert dominance over citizens and provide entertainment to keep them happy

51
Q

What were the uses for slaves?

A 
Farming (most)
Public works
Gladiator contests
Domestic works
Tutoring 
Arts and crafts
Trading
52
Q

What was the treatment of slave?

A

Abuse (neglect, battery, sexual, mutilation)
Affection (domestic)
Regards (tutors)
Salary (craftsmen, merchants)

53
Q

When is the period of Early Christianity?

A

30-600 CE

54
Q

What is the definition of Early Christianity?

A 
Monotheistic religious movement holding as a common belief:
The Trinity (God is one; made of three persons Father, son, Holy Spirit)
Jesus incarnation (son of God took human flesh)
55
Q

What were four of the Hebrews’ most important contributions to Western religious thought?

A

The first: the Hebrew’s theology of Yahweh’s transcendence as they taught that God is not part of nature but exists outside of it.
The second: the belief that Yahweh appointed humans to be the rulers of nature by divine mandate
The third: the articulation of universal ethics that provides a universal theory of justice and righteousness.
The fourth: the subscription to certain moral precepts and taboos, which led to the creation of the Ten Commandments.

56
Q

Where was Christianity born (1st c. CE)?

A

In Judea, which is a Roman province made up of the Hebrew people that followed the Jewish faith

57
Q

Who was the first and second founder of Christianity?

A

1: Jesus of Nazareth
2: Paul of Tarsus

58
Q

Who was Jesus of Nazareth?

A

He was born in Galile (Israel), was of Jewish faith, and was a preacher.

59
Q

What did Jesus preach?

A

He preached the message of the Jewish God (20s-30s CE):
Loving/forgiving
Kingdom of Heaven

60
Q

Was Jesus’ following large?

A

Yes

61
Q

Why was Jesus controversial?

A

Because of his message, was considered to be the King of Jews (?), and the Messiah (?)

62
Q

How did Jesus die?

A

He was crucified in Rome for sedition

63
Q

Who was Paul of Tarsus

A

He was born in Asia Minor (Turkey) and was a Roman citizen of Jewish faith who persecuted early followers of Christianity

64
Q

What did Paul of Tarsus experience and what did it lead to?

A

He had a conversion experience which led him to spread Jesus’s teachings in Greek-speaking pagan areas (30s-50s BCE)

65
Q

What was the context of the province of Judea during Early Christianity?

A 
Judaism:
Monotheism 
Transcendent God (not part of nature)
Ethical principles (commandments)
Other gods are denied
66
Q

What was the context of the Roman Empire during Early Christianity?

A 
Pagan religion:
Polytheism 
Gods are part of nature
Worshiped with sacrifices
Foreign gods in Pantheon
Afterlife in Underworld
67
Q

What are persecutions?

A

The attempt to eradicate a group on religious, ethnic, political, or other grounds

68
Q

What factors led to the persecution of peoples in the Roman Empire during Early Christianity?

A

Private worship
No sacrifices
Polytheism: actively seeking new followers

69
Q

When did the fall of Rome occur?

A

476 CE

70
Q

What is the definition of the “fall of Rome”?

A

The collapse of the Western Roman empire

71
Q

What replaced the Western Roman Empire when it fell?

A

Germanic kingdoms

72
Q

Which Roman Empire survives until 1453 CE and what is its new name?

A

The Easter Roman Empire and its new name is the Byzantine Empire

Ancient World (7 decks)

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