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Ancient World > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

When and where did the Minoan period take place?

A

2000 BCE- and in Crete, Knossos Palace

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2
Q

When and where did the Mycenaean period take place?

A

1200 BCE- and in the Mainland, castles hilltops

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3
Q

When and where did the Classical (Hellenic) period take place?

A

508-323 BCE in Athens, democracy

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4
Q

When and where did the Hellenistic period take place?

A

323-146 BCE Alexandria, Alex the Great’s Empire and ended due to the Roman Empire.

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5
Q

What is the legacy of Ancient Greek civilization?

A

Navigational technology (ships at sea, fighting, trading, and warfare).

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6
Q

Where and what was colonization in ancient Greece?

A

It was a public initiative and was on the Mediterranean/Black-Sea shores

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7
Q

When was the complete Phoenician alphabet created and what did it lead to?

A

They were created c. 800 BCE and the Phoenician alphabet + vowels = modern Western capital letters

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8
Q

When did the Olympic Games take place?

A

776 BCE - 393 BCE

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9
Q

What were the Olympic Games?

A

They were athletic contests such as running, long jump, shot put, javelin, pankration, boxing, etc.

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10
Q

What was the Olympic Games religious purpose?

A

It was a religious festival for the Olympian Gods.

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11
Q

Where did the Olympic Games take place?

A

Outdoors in Olympia

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12
Q

Who made up the audience of the Olympic Games?

A

Men

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13
Q

Who participated in the Olympic Games?

A

Men

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14
Q

How did these men perform and what did they earn in the Olympic Games?

A

They performed in the nude and they earned medals + statues for the winner.

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15
Q

What is a phalanx (c.700 BCE)?

A

It is a military formation characterized by tight rows, made up of infantry soldiers (hoplites) who wore armour, carried a shield and a spear/short sword.

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16
Q

What is democracy (508 BCE)?

A

It is a form of government that puts power in the hands of all citizens

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17
Q

What was the polis?

A

A polis was a social collectivity that spoke of a group of people (the Athenians, the Spartans) rather than individual cities.

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18
Q

What were the main components of the polis?

A

The main components of a polis were that is was organized around a social center known as the agora where markets and important meetings were held, the urban settlement known as the atsy, and the surrounding land known as the khora where several other towns, small poleis, and numerous villages were supported by the large polis.

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19
Q

What was the period in which Athens existed?

A

508-404 BCE

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20
Q

What system of government did the Athenians use?

A

Direct/absolute democracy

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21
Q

What did citizens of the assembly (Ekklesia) of Athens note on/elect at Pnyx?

A

Laws
War/Peace
Strategoi

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22
Q

How were officials chosen in Athens and how long were their terms?

A

They were picked by lot and only had 1 year terms

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23
Q

What were the rights of male citizens in Athens?

A

Power to vote
Freedom
Equality
Political participation

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24
Q

What characterized freedom for male Athenian citizens?

A

Profession
Thought
Expression

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25
Q

What characterized equality for male Athenian citizens?

A

Not socio-economic
Law
Justice

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26
Q

What characterized political participation for male Athenian citizens?

A

Stipend for attending assembly

27
Q

What was the criteria for political and judicial citizenship in Athens?

A 
20 yrs old to vote
30 yrs old to be part of the jury
Personal freedom
Male gender
Athenian descent
28
Q

In what ways did the ancient poleis of Sparta and Athens differ in their political structures?

A

Athens had a far more populist government than any other Greek polis, while Sparta was ruled by a dual monarchy. Athens political structure was based on the population’s equal participation, while Sparta’s political structure was based on militarization and retaining traditional values and beliefs.

29
Q

What did philosophy question?

A

It questioned the nature of the universe and the meaning of human life with the exclusive use of reason

30
Q

Name the periods of philosophy

A

Pre-socratics (550-400 BCE)
Athenian philosophy (400-323 BCE)
Hellenistic philosophy (323-0)
Late ancient philosophy (0-600 CE)

31
Q

What characterized the Pre-socratic period?

A

Atomism

Sophism

32
Q

What characterized the period of Athenian philosophy?

A

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

33
Q

What characterized the period of Hellenistic philosophy?

A

Stoicism

Hedonism

34
Q

What characterized the period of Late ancient philosophy?

A

Neo-platonism

Christian philosophy

35
Q

Who was Socrates?

A

He was a hoplite and philosopher from Athens who created the Socratic method by participating in self-dialogue and giving out free questions/techniques in public places

36
Q

Why was Socrates on trial?

A

He was on trial for impiety and corrupting the youth

37
Q

How did Socrate die?

A

He died by poison

38
Q

Who was Plato?

A

He was a philosopher from Athens who began his own Academy and is known for writing The Republic in 380 BCE

39
Q

What were Plato’s 5 political regimes from best to worst in his opinion?

A

Aristocracy: Excellence (philosopher-kings)
Timocracy: Merit (property owners/tax payers)
Oligarchy: The few (privileged)
Democracy: The people (citizens)
Tyranny: Tyrants (person ruling without law)

40
Q

How did democracy encourage the development of philosophy in ancient Athens?

A

It stimulated the development of philosophy because democracy encourages freedom of thought and the right to debate

41
Q

What was the education system known as Liberal Arts characterized by?

A

For free men
Done in circles (links between subjects)
Dialectic method (problems to solve in philosophy, maths, astrology, etc.)
Of the sound mind (grammar, rhetoric in the morning and logic in the evening)
In a healthy body (training in palestra during mid-day)

42
Q

What was history as a discipline?

A

It was used to record significant events, such as wars, accurately and with exclusive concern for human narrative and abilities

43
Q

Who was Thucydides?

A

He was an Athenian military general and historian who became the father of scientific history and recorded the history of the Peloponnesian War (c. 411 BCE) through interviews and critical interpretaion

44
Q

What uses did ancient Greeks make of writing?

A

The uses that ancient Greeks made of writing, specifically the Athenians, were:
The establishment of cultural dominance over other Greek poleis, controlling the inscription of the Homeric canon, promoting the work of contemporary poets, and fostering the writing of prose histories, which allowed them to pass on to prosperity of a narrative of history in which they played a central role.

45
Q

What characterized drama in Athens?

A

Plays acted in theatre during a religious festival for Dionysus

46
Q

What kind of plays were presented during the religious festival for Dionysus?

A

Tragedy: Oedipus rex by Sophocles
Comedy: Lysistrata by Aristophenes

47
Q

What were the responsibilities of male citizens in Sparta?

A 
Main responsibility: military duty
Birth selection
Agoge at 7 yrs old
Join family at 30 yrs old
Retire at 60 yrs old
Obedience
Socio-economic equality
48
Q

What were the responsibilities of female citizens in Sparta?

A

Main responsibility: produce able soldiers
Keep fit
Manage the household (slaves, budget)
Female citizens had more autonomy than men

49
Q

What was the primary purpose of the Olympic Games and Drama in Ancient Greece?

A

Religious festivals that only men could attend in order to worship the gods

50
Q

What were the responsibilities of male citizens in Athens?

A 
Main responsibility: active political participation
Education of the mind
Voting at 20
Jury at 30
Stipend at assembly
Freedom
Political and judicial equality
51
Q

What were the responsibilities of female citizens in Athens?

A 
Main responsibility: produce active citizens
Manage household (slaves+budget)
Be discreet
Stay busy
Remain unseen
52
Q

What was homosexual practice in Ancient Greece?

A

Sexual relations between men or between women apart from/in addition to relations between men and women

53
Q

What evidence is provided for homosexual practice from Sparta?

A

Lycurgus on agoge training: “There was not one of the hopeful boys who did not have a lover to keep him company”

54
Q

What evidence is provided for homosexual practice from Athens?

A 
Painted ceramic plates
Characters in plays (Xenophon's Symposium)
Democratic law (Sodomy = loss of citizenship)
55
Q

What evidence is provided for homosexual practice from Lesbos?

A

Sappho’s poems

56
Q

What were the characteristics of the Hellenistic period?

A

Spread of Greek culture through Alexander’s Empire

Reception of Eastern features in Greek Culture

57
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

He was the child of mixed parents Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus, was the 3rd king of Macedon from 336-323 BCE, and was Aristotle’s pupil

58
Q

What factors showcased Alexander the Great’s military genius?

A

New phalanx
Combined elements
During and after conquest

59
Q

What characterized Alexander the Great’s personal life?

A

Marriages (polygamy): Roxana of Bactria (murdered by Casander I), Stateira of Persia (murdered by Roxana), Parysatis of Persia (murdered by Roxana)
Child: Pisthumous (mother: Roxana)

60
Q

How did Alexander the Great die?

A

He was murdered by Casander I in 309-310 BCE

61
Q

What territories did Alexander the Great conquer (336-323 BCE)?

A 
Asia Minor
Egypt
Middle East
Mesopotamia
Persia
Indian kingdoms
62
Q

What is the new capitol of the Hellenistic period?

A

Alexandria

63
Q

What was built in Alexandria (2)?

A

Light House 247 BCE

Library

64
Q

What philosophies were studied during the Hellenistic period?

A

Epicureanism

Stoicism

Ancient World (7 decks)

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