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HBM > Pregnancy through preschool > Flashcards

Pregnancy through preschool Flashcards

1
Q

What age is considered infancy?

A

Birth to 18 months

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2
Q

What are the toddler years?

A

18 months - 3 years

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3
Q

What are the preschool years?

A

3-6 years

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4
Q

What does it mean that humans are holistic?

A

Humans are integrated systems, each area of development is in continual interaction with one another

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5
Q

What does it mean that development is hierarchical?

A

Psychological growth is a process of increasing complexity; new structures emerge out of those that came before.

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6
Q

What does it mean that development is uneven?

A

Growth and progress are not linear

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7
Q

What are salient issues at each stage?

A

Tasks at each stage of development that must be mastered to progress to the next stage.

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8
Q

What is the most protective factor to instability?

A

Social support

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9
Q

What is considered as premature birth?

A

Less than 37 weeks gestation

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10
Q

What is considered very premature birth?

A

Less than 32 weeks

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11
Q

What are risk factors for very premature birth?

A

Health problems
Mental disability
Motor retardation

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12
Q

What are the steps of the APGAR score?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (reflexes/cough)
Activity (muscle tone etc)
Respiration
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13
Q

What are the basic infant reflexes?

A 
Rooting
Sucking
Palmar grasp
Moro (limbs extend when child startled)
Babinski (dorsiflexion of toes when foot is stroked)
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14
Q

Persistence of infant reflexes past ________ might indicate neurologic dysfunction

A

1 year

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15
Q

What percentage of women experience “baby blues”?

A

50-75% of women

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16
Q

What is peripartum depression?

A

Major depression.

Mood disorder characterized by feelings of hoplessness and helplessness/possible suicidal thoughts.

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17
Q

When is the onset of peripartum depression?

A

Before delivery or within the first 4 weeks after

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18
Q

What percentage of women experience peripartum depression?

A

10-13%

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19
Q

Do we gain control of central or peripheral features first?

A

Central (e.g. arm before finger)

And head before legs

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20
Q

How can social stresses (moving, birth) affect development?

A

Can cause regression

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21
Q

Are difficult children at the highest risk of pathophysiology?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What are Erik Erikson’s critical periods?

A 
Birth - 1 yr Trust vs Mistrust
1-3 yrs Autonomy vs shame/doubt
3-6 yrs Initiative vs guilt
7-11 yrs Industry vs inferiority
12-18 yrs identity vs role confusion
Young adult Intimacy vs. isolation
Adulthood Generativity vs. stagnation
Maturity Integrity vs. despair
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23
Q

What were Freud’s stages of development?

A 
Birth-1 yr Oral
1-3 yrs Anal
3-6 yrs Phallic
7-11 yrs Latency
12-18 yrs Genital
24
Q

What are Jean Piaget’s theories of development?

A

Birth-2 yrs Sensorimotor
2-6 yrs Preoperational (egocentric)
7-11 yrs Concrete Operational
12-adult Formal Operational

25
Q

What are some developmental features of infancy?

A 
Social smile (1-2 mos)
Responsiveness to mother (4-6 mos)
Stranger anxiety (9 mos)
Object permanence (1 yr)
Separation anxiety
26
Q

Separation _____ than 6 months leads to attachment issues that cant be rehabilitated.

A

Greater

27
Q

What are signs of reactive attachment disorder?

A

Child is withdrawn
Limited emotional responsiveness
Does not seek comfort
Unexplaied

28
Q

What causes reactive attachment disorder?

A

Grossly pathological care

29
Q

What is disinhibited social engagement and what causes?

A

No fear of unfamiliar adults often caused by neglect.

30
Q

What are motor development points through infancy?

A 
0-2 mos follows objects with eyes
2-3 mos lifts shoulders
4-6 mos Turns over and reaches for objects
7-11 mos sits unassisted and crawls
12-15 mos walks unassisted
31
Q

What are social development points in infancy?

A 
0-2 mos comforted by voice
2-3 mos social smile to human face
4-6 mos recognition of familiar people
7-11 mos stranger anxiety
12-15 mos fearful when separated from primary attachment figure
32
Q

What are verbal/cognitive points in infancy?

A 
0-2 mos different cries for hunger/pain
2-3 mos coos
4-6 mos Repeats single sounds
7-11 mos Responds to names and simple instructions
12-15 Say first words, object permanence
33
Q

What are developmental features of toddler years?

A

Attachment and separation
Bladder control
Parallel play to pretend play
Burst in language

34
Q

When is gender identity developed?

A

Around 3 years

35
Q

How many words do you have by age 3?

A

900 words

36
Q

What are features of preschool years?

A 
Social interaction increases
Vocab increase
Imaginary friends
Nighttime struggles
Fears common
Behavioral insomnia of childhood
37
Q

At what age do you develop conversation of mass?

A

Age 7

38
Q

What is enuresis?

A

Repeated involuntary or intentional bed wetting/wetting of clothes. Must be 5 years old to receive diagnosis

39
Q

What is the treatment for enuresis?

A

Classical conditioning approach (bell and pad technique)

40
Q

What is a common trigger of enuresis?

A

Stressful events

41
Q

What is Rett syndrome?

A

Years of normal functioning and then a decline. More common in girls.

42
Q

What is childhood disinitegrative disorder?

A

Rare condition characterized by social, verbal, and cognitive motor development after 2-10 years of normal function. More common in boys.

43
Q

What percentage of babies are born prematurely? Very prematurely?

A

12%, 2%

44
Q

What is associated with premature birth and infant mortality?

A

Low-income (lack of prenatal care)

45
Q

At what age does object permanence develop?

A

~9 months

46
Q

At what age does special responsiveness to mother appear?

A

4-6 months

47
Q

What kind of play do toddlers practice?

A

Parallel (non-cooperative) play

48
Q

At what age do kids identify colors, develop a gender identity, and speak in complete sentences?

A

3 years

49
Q

Encopresis/enuresis cannot be diagnosed until age _____.

A

4-5

50
Q

When does cooperative play begin?

A

4 years

51
Q

How long should you postpone elective surgery?

A

6-7 years old

52
Q

At what age do kids understand the finality of death?

A

6 years

53
Q

At what age do children develop a conscience and idea of morality?

A

6 years

54
Q

What are some characteristics of ASDs?

A

Difficulty forming relationships
Will not point to direct someone elses attention
Do not play imaginative games
May engage in repetitive/injurious behavior

55
Q

Does there appear to be a genetic component to ASDs?

A

Yes

HBM (5 decks)

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