Childhood Development

Question 1

Development at ages 7-11

Answer 1

Concrete operations
Theory of mind
Industry vs inferiority
Reasoning and problem solving are concrete
Begin to understand others
Very rule conscious

Social comparisons begin around age 8

Question 2

What changes occur in the brain during adolescence?

Answer 2

Increased white matter to gray matter volume, especiialy in the frontal and parietal loves

Pruning of synaptic connections

Improved cognitive abilities/formal reasoning and metacognition

Formal Operations stage

Question 3

What is Tanner Staging used for?

Answer 3

Identifying stages of physical maturation

Question 4

What social changes occur during adolescence?

Answer 4

Increased concern for physical appearance
Desire for autonomy
Risk taking behavior
Increased interest in world problems/social change

Question 5

What developmental changes mark late adolescence (18-20)?

Answer 5

Identity crisis
Develop morals, ethics, and self control
Concerns about humanitarian issues and world problems

Question 6

What risk factors come with teen pregnancy?

Answer 6

Desire for autonomy leads to lack of prenatal care, risky behavior

Question 7

What childhood disorders often dissipate by adulthood?

Answer 7

ADHD
Conduct disorder
Enuresis

Question 8

What are symptoms of Fragile X

Answer 8

Developmental delays

Affects males more frequently

Question 9

What are symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

Answer 9

Argue repeatedly with adults
Lose temper, feel anger
Disobedient
Negative behavior

Question 10

Is ODD more common in boys?

Answer 10

Before puberty, equal in girls and boys after puberty

Question 11

What is conduct disorder?

Answer 11

More severe than ODD.

Deliberately destroy others property
Cruel to people or animals
May steal, threaten, harm victims

Question 12

What are the 3 types of ADHD?

Answer 12

Predominantly inattentive
Predominantly hyperactive
Combined

Question 13

What is the treatment for ADHD?

Answer 13

CNS stimulants to increase concentration of dopamine

Reduces activity and increases attention span

Question 14

What is Tourette’s Disorder?

Answer 14

Involuntary motor movements and vocalizations
Sudden, repetitive, stereotyped movement

20% of kids show tics in childhood
1 in 100
Usually attenuate substantially by early adulthood

Question 15

What factors can exacerbate tourettes?

Answer 15

Tiredness
Excitement
Medication

Question 16

What is the etiology of phobias?

Answer 16

Biological
Environmental
Specific vulnerabilities (e.g. early experiences with low levels of control over environment)

Question 17

What is the progression of fears in childhood?

Answer 17

Progresses from the concrete to the abstract and increasingly “realistic”

Question 18

What is selective mutism?

Answer 18

Fear of speaking in front of others (adults)