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Repro Exam #2 > Pregnancy Diagnostics > Flashcards

Pregnancy Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

For horses, the first ______ days are going to be hormonally very similar between pregnant and non-pregnant mares

A

14

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2
Q

What is the gestation length of a mare?

A

335-340 days, can go up to 360 days (depending on breed, season)

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3
Q

Horses:
The first 14 days is the period of __________ when CL is creating progesterone in that beginning part of the cycle

A

diestrus

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4
Q

In practice, pregnancy diagnosis in a mare is on day _____ after ovulation

A

14

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5
Q

Mares:
The endometrial cups begins to form in day ______

A

35

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6
Q

Endometrial cups secrete:

A

eCG

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7
Q

Endometrial cups don’t secrete progesterone, but rather secrets _____ and _______ -like hormone that causes the formation of something known as a _______________ CL

A

FSH
LH
Secondary

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8
Q

When do the endometrial cups regress?

A

day 120 to 150

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9
Q

Mares need at least _______ ng/ml of progesterone to maintain their pregnancy

A

4

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10
Q

Info. Slide

A

Placental Progestins
- Important to maintain pregnancy from mid-gestation until term
- can remove ovaries after Day 120
- Primarily 5 alpha-pregnanes
- Cross-react with most P4 assays

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11
Q

Fixation in the mare happens at day _____

A

16

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12
Q

If you do a rectal palpation in a mare before Day 25, what will you feel?

A

increased tone, closed cervix

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13
Q

If you do a rectal palpation in a mare after Day 25, what will you feel?

A

asymmetry of horns, vesicle palpable as growing bulge in the base of horn

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14
Q

On day _____ and on we can start to see a fetal heartbeat

A

25

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15
Q

Day _____ is our last day to terminate pregnancy before endometrial cup formation

A

35

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16
Q

First fetal sexing is done on what day?

A

Day 50-60

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17
Q

Formation of supplementary (accessory) corpora lutea in the mare is induced by:

A

equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)

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18
Q

Bovine pregnancy lasts about ________ days

A

280

19
Q

The bovine pregnancy is maintained by the ______ at first and then the placenta takes over about halfway through gestation

A

CL

20
Q

List the methods of bovine pregnancy diagnosis:

A
  • Palpation
  • Ultrasound
  • Blood testing (Biopryn)
21
Q

What are the Four key positive signs of pregnancy in the Bovine?

A
  1. Membrane slip - Before 42 days
  2. Presence of an amniotic vesicle
  3. Identification of Placentomes (>75)
  4. Presence of an embryo/fetus
22
Q

(T/F) The presence of fluid within the bovine uterus is a positive sign of pregnancy

A

False

23
Q

In a bovine pregnancy, transrectal ultrasound is going to be done around _______ days

A

30-35

24
Q

What are some pros of using Transrectal Ultrasound in bovine pregnancy?

A
  • Fetal viability
  • Fetal number
  • Gestational age
  • Fetal sexing
25
Q

In a bovine pregnancy, we can see the fetus in the day:

A

60

26
Q

A blood test that is used to determine if an animal is pregnant

A

Biopryn Testing

27
Q

What would you NOT be able to palpate in a 35 day bovine pregnancy?

A

Placentomes

28
Q
  • Blood test for “pregnancy-specific protein B”
  • PSP-B produced by the placenta
  • Sample taken after 28 days of gestation
A

Biopryn Testing

29
Q

The __________ is the most reliable indicator for Canine Gestation length (65 days)

A

LH surge

30
Q

What else can we also use to predict the gestational length in canines?

A

Ovulation

31
Q

If we have done _________________ and have a cytologic diestrus, it is 57 days from that time point

A

vaginal cytology

32
Q

Canine Gestation Length
__________ days from single breeding

A

55-68

33
Q
  • Larger litters will have a ___________ gestational length
  • Small litters will have a __________ gestational length
A
  • shorter
  • longer
34
Q

In regards to the physiology of canine pregnancy, the dog only relies on _________________ to support their pregnancy

A

progesterone (CL-dependent pregnancy)

35
Q

The progesterone in a canine pregnancy has to be greater than _____ ng/ml to maintain pregnancy

A

2

36
Q

the steroid hormone that is responsible for quieting the uterus, closing the cervix, and creating an environment that is suitable for canine pregnancy

A

progesterone

37
Q

What is the most common pregnancy diagnosis in the dog?

A

ultrasound exam
- earliest and most reliable method and this can be done as early as 20 days post LH

38
Q

What is the traditional method of pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?

A

Abdominal Palpation

39
Q

__________ days post-breeding a dog, you can palpate caudally by the cervix

A

24-35

40
Q

(T/F) Feline palpation is extremely accurate because of how soft their abdomen is and how readily the kitten are able to be palpated once they have ossified

A

True

41
Q

Canine Pregnancy
Secondary hormone, that starts to be released from the placentas right around 30 days after ovulation

A

Relaxin

42
Q
  • 30 days of gestation or later
  • May be negative with singleton litter
  • Rapid cage side test
  • Repeat negatives 1 week later
A

Serum Relaxin

43
Q

Radiographs
Fetal ossification occurs at day __________ of gestation

A

45

44
Q

What is the earliest that canine fetuses can be seen on a radiograph?

A

45 days

Repro Exam #2 (19 decks)

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