Pregnancy Diagnostics Flashcards
For horses, the first ______ days are going to be hormonally very similar between pregnant and non-pregnant mares
14
What is the gestation length of a mare?
335-340 days, can go up to 360 days (depending on breed, season)
Horses:
The first 14 days is the period of __________ when CL is creating progesterone in that beginning part of the cycle
diestrus
In practice, pregnancy diagnosis in a mare is on day _____ after ovulation
14
Mares:
The endometrial cups begins to form in day ______
35
Endometrial cups secrete:
eCG
Endometrial cups don’t secrete progesterone, but rather secrets _____ and _______ -like hormone that causes the formation of something known as a _______________ CL
FSH
LH
Secondary
When do the endometrial cups regress?
day 120 to 150
Mares need at least _______ ng/ml of progesterone to maintain their pregnancy
4
Info. Slide
Placental Progestins
- Important to maintain pregnancy from mid-gestation until term
- can remove ovaries after Day 120
- Primarily 5 alpha-pregnanes
- Cross-react with most P4 assays
Fixation in the mare happens at day _____
16
If you do a rectal palpation in a mare before Day 25, what will you feel?
increased tone, closed cervix
If you do a rectal palpation in a mare after Day 25, what will you feel?
asymmetry of horns, vesicle palpable as growing bulge in the base of horn
On day _____ and on we can start to see a fetal heartbeat
25
Day _____ is our last day to terminate pregnancy before endometrial cup formation
35
First fetal sexing is done on what day?
Day 50-60
Formation of supplementary (accessory) corpora lutea in the mare is induced by:
equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)
Bovine pregnancy lasts about ________ days
280
The bovine pregnancy is maintained by the ______ at first and then the placenta takes over about halfway through gestation
CL
List the methods of bovine pregnancy diagnosis:
- Palpation
- Ultrasound
- Blood testing (Biopryn)
What are the Four key positive signs of pregnancy in the Bovine?
- Membrane slip - Before 42 days
- Presence of an amniotic vesicle
- Identification of Placentomes (>75)
- Presence of an embryo/fetus
(T/F) The presence of fluid within the bovine uterus is a positive sign of pregnancy
False
In a bovine pregnancy, transrectal ultrasound is going to be done around _______ days
30-35
What are some pros of using Transrectal Ultrasound in bovine pregnancy?
- Fetal viability
- Fetal number
- Gestational age
- Fetal sexing
In a bovine pregnancy, we can see the fetus in the day:
60
A blood test that is used to determine if an animal is pregnant
Biopryn Testing
What would you NOT be able to palpate in a 35 day bovine pregnancy?
Placentomes
- Blood test for “pregnancy-specific protein B”
- PSP-B produced by the placenta
- Sample taken after 28 days of gestation
Biopryn Testing
The __________ is the most reliable indicator for Canine Gestation length (65 days)
LH surge
What else can we also use to predict the gestational length in canines?
Ovulation
If we have done _________________ and have a cytologic diestrus, it is 57 days from that time point
vaginal cytology
Canine Gestation Length
__________ days from single breeding
55-68
- Larger litters will have a ___________ gestational length
- Small litters will have a __________ gestational length
- shorter
- longer
In regards to the physiology of canine pregnancy, the dog only relies on _________________ to support their pregnancy
progesterone (CL-dependent pregnancy)
The progesterone in a canine pregnancy has to be greater than _____ ng/ml to maintain pregnancy
2
the steroid hormone that is responsible for quieting the uterus, closing the cervix, and creating an environment that is suitable for canine pregnancy
progesterone
What is the most common pregnancy diagnosis in the dog?
ultrasound exam
- earliest and most reliable method and this can be done as early as 20 days post LH
What is the traditional method of pregnancy diagnosis in a bitch?
Abdominal Palpation
__________ days post-breeding a dog, you can palpate caudally by the cervix
24-35
(T/F) Feline palpation is extremely accurate because of how soft their abdomen is and how readily the kitten are able to be palpated once they have ossified
True
Canine Pregnancy
Secondary hormone, that starts to be released from the placentas right around 30 days after ovulation
Relaxin
- 30 days of gestation or later
- May be negative with singleton litter
- Rapid cage side test
- Repeat negatives 1 week later
Serum Relaxin
Radiographs
Fetal ossification occurs at day __________ of gestation
45
What is the earliest that canine fetuses can be seen on a radiograph?
45 days
