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NDT LEC MIDTERMS > PREGNANCY AND LACTATION NUTRITION > Flashcards

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

non pregnant woman needs__________calories

A

1500- 2000

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2
Q

pregnant woman needs__________calories

A

additional 300 calories during the 2 nd and 3rd trimesters

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3
Q
  • eat plenty of fruits and vegetables of various kinds and colors;
  • whole-grain bread and cereals;
  • lean protein foods;
  • low-fat or fat-free milk and dairy products;
  • and healthy fats in moderation
A

basic principles of healthy eating

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4
Q

these should be limited

A
  1. sodium
  2. solid fats,
  3. added sugars
  4. refined grains
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5
Q
  1. Cereals
  2. White bread
  3. Rolls
  4. Pasta
  5. Crackers
A

Sources of Folic acid:

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6
Q
  1. Leafy green vegetables,
  2. spinach
  3. Citrus fruits
  4. Dried peas and beans, such as lentils, soybeans, pinto beans
A

Sources of naturally occurring folate

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7
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS BROUGH BY THESE STAGES OF PREGNANCY

A

a. Implantation
b. ORGANOGENESIS - Malnutrition
c. Growth

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8
Q

IF Bld. Vol. > Blood Components this results to:

A

ANEMIA

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9
Q

Left Cardiac hypertrophy leads to

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Palpitation
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10
Q

this occurs after delivery (circulatory system)

A

bradycardia

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11
Q

During pregnancy, there can be hypertension and this is called

A

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

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12
Q

changes to estrogen and growing fetus

A

Respiration

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13
Q

Malnutrition and Dehydration

A

Renal function

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14
Q

due to hormones progesterone, estrogen , human chorionic gonadotropin.

A

GIT function

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15
Q

this intake should be observed by pregnant women”

A

low sodium intake

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16
Q

weight gain by the end of the 1st trimester is_____; and approximately______a week

A

2 to 4 lbs ; 1 lb

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17
Q

*Average weight gain of pregnant women should be

A

25-35 lbs

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18
Q

weight of fetus

A

7.5 lbs

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19
Q

weight of placenta

A

1lbs

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20
Q

weight of amniotic fluid

A

2lbs

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21
Q

weight of breast

A

1-3 lbs

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22
Q

weight of maternal blood

A

4 lbs

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23
Q

weight of uterus fetus

A

2 lbs

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24
Q

weight of maternal fat

A

4+ lbs

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25
Q

Pregnant Underweight’ BMI is

A

<19.8

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26
Q

Recommended Weight Gain for underweight pregnant

A

28 TO 40 lb

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27
Q
  1. LBW infant (<5 lb)
  2. pre-term infant (<38 weeks)
A

Complication of UNDERWEIGHT

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28
Q

Pregnant w/ NORMAL WEIGHT’s BMI is

A

19.8 to 26

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29
Q

Recommended Weight Gain for preggy w/ normal weight

A

25 to 35 lb

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30
Q
  1. HTN,
  2. Gestational Diabetes,
  3. TORCH of pregnancy
A

Complication of NORMAL WEIGHT

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31
Q

Pregnant OVERWEIGHT BMI is

A

26 to 29

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32
Q

Recommended Weight Gain for preggy OVERWEIGHT

A

15 to 25 lb

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33
Q

Infant born post term and weak

A

Complication of OVERWEIGHT & OBESE

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34
Q

OBESE PREGNANT’S BMI is

A

> 29

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35
Q

Recommended Weight Gain for preggy OBESE

A

At least 15 lb

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36
Q

Recommended Weight Gain for Twin pregnancy

A

35 TO 45 LBS

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37
Q
  1. Nausea and Vomiting- also known “morning sickness”
  2. Heartburn
  3. Constipation
  4. Edema
  5. Leg Cramps
  6. Rapid Weight Gain
  7. Weight Loss
  8. Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)
  9. Anemia
  10. PICA
  11. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
A

PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY

38
Q
  1. Eat dry crackers or dry toast before rising
  2. Ice chips
  3. Eat small, frequent meals
  4. Avoid foods with offensive odors
  5. Avoid liquids at mealtime
  6. Hyperemesis gravidarum – life threatening – REQUIRE HOSPITALIZATION
A

Morning sickness Management

39
Q

Burning sensation beneath the chest

A

Heartburn

40
Q
  1. eating small frequent meals
  2. AVOID spicy or greasy foods
  3. AVOID liquids with meals
  4. waiting at least an hour after eating before lying down and waiting at least 2 hours before exercising.
A

Heartburn Management

41
Q

Can result from relaxation of the cardiac sphincter and smooth muscles related to progesterone, may lead to haemorrhoids

A

Constipation

42
Q
  1. Eating high-fiber foods
  2. getting daily exercise
  3. drinking at least 13 glasses of liquid each day
  4. responding immediately to the urge of defecating
  5. DO NOT USE LAXATIVE
A

Constipation Management

43
Q

mild and PHYSIOLOGIC in the 3rd trimester BU Physiologic if accompanied with ________

A

Edema; toxemia

44
Q

usually at night, may be due to Calcium-Phosphorous
imbalance

A

Leg Cramps

45
Q

Leg Cramps is manifested by sudden contraction of the

A

GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE

46
Q
  • defined as an increase on weight of 3 kg or more during 2 nd and 3rd trimester
A

Rapid Weight Gain

47
Q

Weight Loss during (1st trimester)

A

<500 grams/mon

48
Q

Weight Loss during (2nd trimester)

A

<250 grams/mon

49
Q

If there is weight loss fetus is at risk of:

A
  1. Preterm deliveries
  2. Abortion
  3. Mental retardation
50
Q

PRE-ECLAMPSIA

H- Hypertension
E- Edema
L- low platelet
P- Proteinuria

A

Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)

51
Q

ECLAMPSIA:

H- Hypertension
E- Edema
L- low platelet
P- Proteinuria
C- COMA

A

Pregnancy- Induced Hypertension (PIH)

52
Q

Condition caused by an insufficiency of red blood cells, haemoglobin or blood volume

A

Anemia

53
Q

The most common form OF Anemia

A

Iron deficiency

54
Q

can result in a form of megaloblastic anemia.

A

Folate deficiency

55
Q
  1. The craving for non-food substances such as starch, clay (soil), or ice
A

PICA

56
Q

due to “STRESS”. Close monitoring by health care provider.

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

57
Q

CONTROL OF SUGAR!!!
CAN CAUSE:
i. IUFD- intra uterine fetal demise
ii. Premature delivery
iii. Macrosomia

A

Nursing alert for GDM

58
Q

additional 300 cal/day during 2nd and 3rd trimester; FOR ENERGY

A

Calories

59
Q

additional 10 g/day with HIGH BIOLOGIC VALUE; FOR TISSUE BLEEDING

A

Protein

60
Q

additional 100 g/day; ENERGY SOURCE

A

Carbohydrates

61
Q

critical during 2 months before pregnancy to 6 weeks’ gestation

A

Folates

62
Q

Folate Requirement

A

600 mcg/day

63
Q

To prevent
1. Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
2. Spina Bifida

A

Folate

64
Q

calcium requirement for ages 14-18 year old, _______

A

1,300 mg/day

65
Q

calcium requirement for ages 18-50 year old, _______

A

1000 mg/day

66
Q
  1. formation of fetal bone and teeth
  2. prevents preeclampsia
A

Calcium and phosphorus

67
Q

additional 41 mg/day

A

Iron

68
Q
  1. To prevent anemia
  2. Necessary for infant’s iron storage
A

Iron

69
Q

less than 2000 mg/day

A

to prevent
edema and PIH

70
Q

Sodium

A

less than 2000 mg/day

71
Q

more readily absorbed by the
body

A

heme iron, additional iron sources

72
Q

enhancers of iron absorption

A

vitamin C–rich foods.

73
Q

Consume______) per day of synthetic folic acid (from fortifi ed foods and/or supplements) in addition to food forms of folate from a varied diet

A

400 micrograms

74
Q

may reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy, increase the chances of a healthy infant birth weight, and improve the long-term health of both mother and infant.

A

healthy weight

75
Q

can cause negative behavioral or neurologic consequences in the offspring when consumed during pregnancy, especially during the first few months

A

alcohol

76
Q

Consume_____of seafood per week from a
variety of seafood types.

A

8 to 12 oz

77
Q

Due to their high methylmercury content, limit white (albacore) tuna to______per week

A

6 oz

78
Q

do not eat the following four types of fish

A
  1. tilefish
  2. shark
  3. swordfish
  4. king mackerel
79
Q

If pregnant, consume______ dietary folate equivalents from all sources ( natural and synthetic).

A

600 g/day

80
Q

If breastfeeding women choose to drink, they should wait until the infant is at least______and consume only one drink, waiting at least _______before breastfeeding

A

3 months old; 4 hours

81
Q

B – Best food for baby
R – Reduce allergy
E – Economical
A – Always available
S – Safe
T – Temperature is right
F – Fresh
E – Encourage maternal bonding
E – Ensure means of contraception
D – Digestible
I – Immunity
N – Nutritious
G – Good tooth and jaw

A

breastfeeding

82
Q

85 calorie required to produce

A

100ml milk

83
Q

Average daily milk production

A

750ml (640 calories)

84
Q

6 mos milk calorie is

A

600ml = 510 extra calories

85
Q

1 ounce of human milk

A

20 calories

86
Q

Experts on breastfeeding and help new mothers
who may be having problems such as the baby
not latching on properly

A

Lactation Specialist

87
Q

500 calories a day during lactation

A

FNB

88
Q

breastmilk shelf-life at Room Temperature (66 –72 degree F)

A

8- 10 Hrs

89
Q

breastmilk shelf-life in Refrigerator

A

8 days

90
Q

breastmilk shelf-life in Refrigerator freezer

A

3 – 4 months

91
Q

breastmilk shelf-life in Deep freezer

A

12 months

NDT LEC MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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