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NDT LEC MIDTERMS > INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD > Flashcards

INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Flashcards

1
Q

Weight gain OF toddler

A

4-5 lbs/year

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2
Q

2 ½ years old

A

quadruples birth weight

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3
Q

height increase of toddler

A

3 inches/year

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4
Q

at 2 years old, height of toddler is half the

A

expected adult height

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5
Q

Weight gain at 2 y.o is

A

5 lbs.

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6
Q

Rule of Thumb –(preschool) 1 tablespoon for
each

A

year of age

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7
Q

Snack every for CHILDHOOD is every

A

2-3 hours

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8
Q
  1. Rate of growth
  2. Activity level
  3. Size
  4. Metabolism
  5. Health
A

Child calorie needs basis

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9
Q

2 – 3 years old Fat Intake

A

30 – 35 %

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10
Q

4- 18 years old Fat Intake

A

25 – 35 %

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11
Q

Recommended Dietary Intake for Toddler

A

1,300 kcal/day

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12
Q

fats are restricted until age

A

2

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13
Q

after age of 2, fats should be what percentage of daily calories

A

30%

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14
Q

toddlers needs increase intake of

A

calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

Toddlers need whole milk until age of

A

2

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16
Q
  1. Peanuts
  2. Grapes
  3. Hotdogs
  4. Raw carrots
  5. Hard Candy
  6. Thick peanut butter
A

NOT to be given to children under 4 years old (Guidelines to Prevent Choking)

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17
Q

To provide nutritious food in a pleasant setting

A

Parent’s Primary Responsibility

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18
Q

to decide how much food to eat or whether to eat

A

child’s responsibility

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19
Q

6 months Calorie and Nutrient Needs

A

54 calories per pound of weight

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20
Q

10 yr. old Calorie and Nutrient Needs

A

35 calories per pound of weight

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21
Q

1 ml of water for

A

each calorie

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22
Q

Toddler needs

A

Fiber

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23
Q

Never provide food for

A

comfort or reward

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24
Q

Give water to drink rather than

A

calorie laden fruit juice

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25
Q

if your child wants a calorie dense snack, use the

A

20 minutes technique

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26
Q
  1. Obesity
  2. Childhood Type 2 Diabetes
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Cardiovascular Disease
A

Common Problems During Childhood

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27
Q

the perfect food for a baby’s digestive system

A

breast milk

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28
Q

It has the nutrients that a newborn needs, and all of its components are easily digested.

A

BREAST MILK

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29
Q

COMPONENTS OF BREAST MILK

A
  1. Lactose
  2. Protein (whey and casein)
  3. Fat
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30
Q

a time of phenomenal growth and development.

A

first year of life

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31
Q

Average birth weight

A

3500 grams

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32
Q

avg WEIGHT GAIN First 6 months

A

2 lbs/month

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33
Q

at 6 months, birth weight is

A

doubled

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34
Q

avg at SECOND 6 MONTHS

A

1 lb/month

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35
Q

at 12 months, birth weight is

A

tripled

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36
Q

Average birth length

A

20 inches

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37
Q

height increase in the First 6 months

A

1 inch/month

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38
Q

height increase by 12 months

A

50%

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39
Q

1 st year of life CALORIC REQUIREMENT

A

98-108 calories per kilogram of body weight

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40
Q

0-6 months PROTEIN REQUIREMENT

A

2.2 g per kg per day

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41
Q

6-12 months PROTEIN REQUIREMENT

A

1.56 g per kg per day

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42
Q

INFANT has sufficient calories if there are_______wet diapers

A

6 or more a day

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43
Q

INFANT has sufficient calories if there is

A

normal growth

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44
Q

INFANT has sufficient calories if there is __________ mustard colored bowel movements a day

A

two

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45
Q

INFANT has sufficient calories if breast becomes

A

less full during nursing

46
Q

Caloric intake of infant should be

A

98-108 kcal/kg of body weight

47
Q

Infants should have high

A

protein and calorie diet

48
Q

best food during the first 12 months of life

A

BREAST MILK

49
Q

A newborn can hold approximately

A

30 ml (2 tablespoons)

50
Q

Infant feeding should not exceed

A

240 ml (1 cup)

51
Q

may be given if there is milk allergy

A

Soy milk

52
Q

may be given if not breastfeeding

A

Commercial iron-fortified formula

53
Q

should be given if taking cow’s milk before 1 year of age

A

Vitamin C and iron

54
Q

Breast-fed infants gain

A

less weight

55
Q

A normal full-term infant can thrive on breast milk or iron-fortified formula exclusively until

A

4-6 months

56
Q

Infants May be given complex carbohydrates at

A

2-3 months

57
Q

Biting movements begin at approximately

A

3 months

58
Q

Chewing begins at

A

7-9 months

59
Q

Extrusion reflex fades at

A

3-4 months

60
Q
  1. Physical ability to pull food in the mouth rather
    than always pushing the tongue and food out of
    the mouth
  2. Willingness to participate in the process
  3. Ability to sit with support
  4. Having head and neck control
  5. Dissatisfaction to intake of more than 32 oz of formula a day
  6. Dissatisfaction to every 3-4 hours of nursing
A

Indicators of readiness to Introduction of Solid Food

61
Q

Introduce food

A

one at a time

62
Q

Wait____ before introducing new item

A

5-7 days

63
Q

when to introduce food

A

before formula or breasfeeding

64
Q

Introduce only_________ of new food

A

small amount (1-2 tsp)

65
Q

Do not initiate feeding until the infant is already

A

4-6 months old

66
Q

Do not place food in bottles with

A

formula

67
Q

should be refrigerated once opened

A

baby food jars

68
Q

Do not use food opened_____ago

A

48 hours

69
Q

Turns head toward any
object that brushes cheek

A

0-4

70
Q

Initially swallows using back of tongue; gradually begins to swallow using front of tongue as well.

A

0-4

71
Q

Strong reflex (extrusion) to push food out during first 2-3 months

A

0-4

72
Q

Feed breast milk or infant formula

A

0-4

73
Q

Extrusion reflex diminishes, and the ability to swallow nonliquid foods develops

A

4-6

74
Q

Indicates desire for food by opening mouth and leaning forward.

A

4-6

75
Q

Indicates satiety or disinterest by turning away and leaning back

A

4-6

76
Q

Sit erect with support at 6 months

A

4-6

77
Q

Begins chewing action

A

4-6

78
Q

Brings hand to mouth

A

4-6

79
Q

Grasp objects with palm
of hand

A

4-6

80
Q

Begin iron-fortified cereal mixed with breast milk, formula, or water

A

4-6

81
Q

Begin pureed meats, legumes, vegetables, and fruits

A

4-6

82
Q

Able to self-feed finger foods

A

6-8

83
Q

Develops pincher (finger to thumb) grasp.

A

6-8

84
Q

Begins to drink from cup

A

6-8

85
Q

begin textured vegetables and fruits.

A

6-8

86
Q

Begin unsweetened, diluted fruit juices from cup

A

6-8

87
Q

Begins to hold own bottle

A

6-10

88
Q

Reaches for and grabs food and spoon

A

6-10

89
Q

Sits unsupported

A

6-10

90
Q

Begin breads and cereals from table

A

6-10

91
Q

➢Begin yogurt.

➢Begin pieces of soft, cooked vegetables and fruit from table

A

6-10

92
Q

Gradually begin finely cut meats, fish, casseroles, cheese, eggs, and mashed legumes

A

6-10

93
Q

10 Begins to master spoon but still spills some

A

10-12

94
Q

➢ Add variety.

➢Gradually increase portion sizes

A

10-12

95
Q

➢ Fortified with B vitamins and minerals
➢ Least allergenic type of food
➢ Prevents iron deficiency anemia
➢ Easily digested

A

Cereal

96
Q

INTRODUCED AT 5-6 MONTHS

A

CEREALS

97
Q

➢ has higher iron content than fruits
➢ usually offered at lunch
➢ offer yellow and green

A

VEGETABLES

98
Q

INTRODUCED AT 7 MONTHS

A

VEGETABLES

99
Q

➢ best source of vitamin C and A
➢ adds texture and flavors to diet
➢ added to cereal for breakfast and dinner
➢ typical fruits include banana and peach

A

FRUITS

100
Q

INTRODUCED AT 8 MONTHS

A

FRUITS

101
Q

➢ Good source of protein, iron and B vitamins
➢ Typically added as part of an evening meal in place of cereal

A

Meat

102
Q

INTRODUCED AT 9 MONTHS

A

meat

103
Q

➢ egg yolk contains iron
➢ egg whites has the proteins.
➢ Egg yolk alone should be given first

A

eggs

104
Q

INTRODUCED AT 10 MONTHS

A

EGGS

105
Q
  • Wheat
  • Tomatoes
  • Orange
  • Fish
  • Egg whites
A

Foods Likely to Cause Allergies

106
Q
  • Sweets
  • Canned vegetables
  • Honey and Corn syrup
  • gum, hard or gel-type candies
  • Hotdog or sausage slices
  • Large raw apple slices
  • Marshmallows, nuts, popcorn, raw carrots, raw celery, whole beans, whole cherries, whole grapes
A

Foods to Omit in INFANTS

107
Q

the process of switching an infant’s diet from breast milk or formula to other foods and fluids

A

Weaning

108
Q

May be started at 9 months

A

Weaning

109
Q

Infants drink from cup effectively at

A

9 months

110
Q

Sucking reflex diminishes in intensity from

A

6-9 months

111
Q
  1. Should be done when infant is not irritable
  2. Difficult to start during summer
A

WEANING

112
Q
  • Premature Infants
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Failure to Thrive
  • Galactosemia
  • Phenylketonuria
  • Maple syrup Urine Disease
A

Common Problems During Infancy

NDT LEC MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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