Pregnancy and childbirth- chapter 7

Question 1

___ out of every ___ couples in the U.S. of reproductive age is infertile.

Answer 1

1

5

Question 2

How long does the Ovum survive?

Answer 2

do not survive longer than 12-24 hours

the ovum can only be fertilized during the first 24 hours after it leaves the ovary

Question 3

how long do sperm usually live

Answer 3

24 hours

Question 4

chance of pregnancy during ovulation

Answer 4

21%

Question 5

1st trimester

Answer 5

Absence of menstruation
Fatigue and sleepiness.
Nausea, with or without vomiting. “morning sickness”
enlarged and tender breasts with bigger nipples and veiny tits.
increased urination

Question 6

2nd trimester

Answer 6

More definite fetal activity.
Few mood swings
Some anxiety about future
women get over morning sickness
stretch marks-worry about attractiveness 
breasts may leak colostrum

Question 7

3rd trimester

Answer 7

Stronger and more frequent fetal activity
Difficulty sleeping.
shortness of breath
Braxton Hicks contractions
Fatigue or extra energy, or alternate periods of each.
back pain
urination more frequent

Question 8

conception

Answer 8

sperm attempt to pass through cervix and uterus to the fallopian tube
fewer than 50 reach the egg
the union of the egg and sperm

Question 9

implantation

Answer 9

the process by which the blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus
when implantation occurs in the fallopian tube, there is simply not enough room for the embryo to grow

Question 10

1st trimester fetus

Answer 10

the ectoderm forms the nervous system, skin and teeth
the mesoderm forms the muscles, skeleton and blood vessels
the endoderm forms the internal organs

Question 11

2nd trimester fetus

Answer 11

has a heartbeat and can respond to sound, and begins to sleep. weighs about 1 pound and 1 foot long

Question 12

3rd trimester fetus

Answer 12

fatty tissues begin to develop under the skin

Question 13

complications of pregnancy

Answer 13

substances that can harm an embryo or fetus are called teratogens
during critical periods, body parts are sensitive to signals or messages about how to develop
smoking- associates with a substantial increase in risk of miscarriages. mothers who smoke double the risk of sudden infant death syndrome
alcohol- can get deformities
moderate drinking can result in children with emotional problems or learning difficulties
narcotics- addicted infants must go through withdrawal after being born showing symptoms such as fever and difficulty breathing

Question 14

childbirth

Answer 14

lightening-rotation of the fetus prior to childbirth so that its head is downward, resulting in decreased pressure on the mothers abdomen
shortly before a women begins to give birth, she experiences a burst of energy
braxton hicks contractions (false labor)- uterine contractions experienced during the last trimester of pregnancy that are often incorrectly interpreted as the beginning of labor; also called false labor

Question 15

start up stage of labor

Answer 15

stage of labor that begins with uterine contractions pushing the fetus downward toward the cervix ends when the cervix is fully dilated

Question 16

transition phase

Answer 16

cervix dilates to 10 cm in order for the baby to be able to enter the birth canal

Question 17

second stage of labor

Answer 17

the stage of labor that begins when the cervix is fully dilated and the fetus begins moving through the birth canal. it ends with birth

Question 18

third stage of labor

Answer 18

detachment and expulsion of the placenta from the uterus after childbirth