Pregnancy

Question 1

What are the 3 key events in the ovarian cycle?

Answer 1

Follicular growth
Ovulation
Luteal function

Question 2

Which days of the cycle does ovulation occur?

Answer 2

Days 12-16

Question 3

What does day 1 of the cycle indicate?

Answer 3

Menstruation

Question 4

What hormone does the ovum produce?

Answer 4

oestradiol

Question 5

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 5

Mass of cells that forms in the ovary, made from cells of the ovarian follicle wall during ovulation

Question 6

What is the corpus luteum responsible for?

Answer 6

Producing progesterone during early pregnancy

Question 7

Which hormones are produced by the placenta?

Answer 7

Placental progesterone
Placental oestrogen
Human placental lactose (hPL)

Question 8

Where is prolactin produced?

Answer 8

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 9

Which hormones reach peak levels during ovulation?

Answer 9

LH

FSH

Question 10

At what point in the cycle does oestrogen peak?

Answer 10

Before ovulation

Question 11

At what point in the cycle does progesterone peak?

Answer 11

After ovulation

Question 12

What happens if there’s no implantation?

Answer 12

Uterine wall sheds

progesterone levels decrease

Question 13

What 2 hormones can cause insulin resistance in the mother?

Answer 13

placental progesterones

hPL

Question 14

Gestational diabetes goes away after birth

True or false

Answer 14

true

6 weeks postpartum

Question 15

At what week does foetal organogenesis occur?

Answer 15

week 5

Question 16

What are the complications in the neonate if the mother has GDM?

Answer 16

respiratory distress
hypo/hyper - glycaemia
Caudal regression syndrome
CNS defects

Question 17

What other complications can arise in pregnancy if the mother has GDM?

Answer 17

Macrosomia
Intrauterine death
Congenital malformation
Prematurity

Question 18

How does macrosomia occur?

Answer 18

If the mother is hyperglycaemic this can lead to the foetus becoming hyperglycaemic too. The foetus will then develop hyperinsulinaemia which can cause macrosomia.

Question 19

What are the additional management steps in T1DM/T2DM if pregnant?

Answer 19

5mg folic acid
150mg aspirin at 12 weeks
good sugar control
avoid statins

Question 20

What happens to the thyroid gland during pregnancy?

Answer 20

It swells

Increased T4 production

Question 21

What should be done if some has hypothyroidism and is pregnant?

Answer 21

Increase thyroxine by 25mg

Check TFT’s monthly

Question 22

Which hormone is associated with vomiting in pregnancy?

Answer 22

hCG

Question 23

How does hCG affect thyroid hormones?

Answer 23

hCG increases thyroxine which lowers TSH

Question 24

Complications of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?

Answer 24

Hyperemesis
Miscarriage
Still-birth
transient neonatal thyrotoxicosis

Question 25

How do you treat hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?

Answer 25

Beta blockers

LOW DOSE anti-thyroid drugs (1st trimester = propylthiouracil. 2nd/3rd trimester = carbimazole)

Question 26

How long can postpartum thyroiditis last for?

Answer 26

Up tp 1 year

Question 27

What is a symptom of postpartum thyroiditis?

Answer 27

Small, diffuse, non-tender goitre

Question 28

Postpartum thyroiditis is associated with postpartum depression
True or false

Answer 28

True