Pregnancy

Question 1

an organ attached to the lining of your womb during pregnancy. It keeps your unborn baby’s blood supply separate from your own blood supply, as well as providing a link between the two.

Answer 1

placenta

Question 2

a liquid that surrounds and cushions the fetus. It allows the fetus to move freely within the walls of the uterus. Buoyancy is also provided.

Answer 2

amniotic sac

Question 3

Weight gain during pregnancy:

Answer 3

Underweight women should gain 28 to 40 pounds. And overweight women may need to gain only 15 to 25 pounds during pregnancy. In general, you should gain about 2 to 4 pounds during the first three months you’re pregnant and 1 pound a week during the rest of your pregnancy.

Question 4

Problems during pregnancy

Answer 4

cramps, urinary frequency and incontinence, heartburn and indigestion, varicose veins, backache, constipation, hemorrhoids and thrush. During your pregnancy you may have a number of annoying problems that are not dangerous but may need some attention.

Question 5

a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; however, it does increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and requiring a Caesarean section.

Answer 5

Gestational diabetes

Question 6

birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly.

Answer 6

Neural tube defects:

Question 7

Typical childhood nutritional issues

Answer 7

growth faltering (failure to thrive), iron deficiency anemia, rickets, constipation, food allergy.

Question 8

Infant macro nutrient needs

Answer 8

lots of fats and proteins, more vitamin D but this is often found in formula.

Question 9

Effects of sugar on children

Answer 9

is linked to obesity, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. And those problems put children and young adults at risk for heart disease. can lead to weakened synaptic connections between brain cells, thus impairing their function.

Question 10

maximum time a person can live,

Answer 10

Life span

Question 11

the average time a person will live, based on factors like gender and birth year.

Answer 11

life expectancy

Question 12

the death of a cell in any form mediated by an inter-cellular program.

Answer 12

Programmed cell death (PCD; sometimes referred to as cellular suicide)

Question 13

occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell’s ability to repair itself. Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused.

Answer 13

cell death caused by cell damage

Question 14

Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy

Answer 14

grains, vegetables, fruit, and protein, folate, vitamin C and fibre, calcium, vitamin D, and riboflavin. Additional lean meat provides energy, protein, vitamins B6 and B12, iron, and zinc.

Question 15

things to avoid

Answer 15

Soft cheeses—brie, camembert, feta, Mexican cheese, blue, or gorgonzola
Hot dogs, deli meats, meat spreads that have not been heated to steaming
Unpasteurized dairy products
Raw meat and poultry
Raw and smoked fish and shellfish
Swordfish, tuna steaks, mackerel, shark, and tilefish

Question 16

Maternal Nutrient Needs During Lactation

Answer 16

Nutrient needs are higher during lactation than during pregnancy

Question 17

Vitamin D and Infants

Answer 17

Canadian Pediatric Society recommends that all infants receive 10 μg/day of Vitamin D during the first year

Question 18

Concerns in Children

Answer 18

Dental caries
Lead toxicity
Hyperactivity
Childhood obesity