General Flashcards
a medical condition observed in physically active females involving three components:
1) low energy availability with or without disordered eating,
2) menstrual dysfunction, and
3) low bone density
Female athlete triad:
When the emotional aspects of food and eating overpower the role of food as nourishment, what may develop?
an eating disorder
What are the causes of food insecurity?
: Food insecurity is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. The most common causes of food insecurity in African and other Third World countries were:
a. Drought and other extreme weather events. …
c. Pests, livestock diseases and other agricultural problems. …
d. Climate change. …
e. Military conflicts. …
f. Lack of emergency plans. …
g. Corruption and political instability. …
h. Cash crops dependence. …
i. AIDS.
Seafood contaminants
a. metals such as mercury and lead,
b. industrial chemicals such as PCBs, and
c. pesticides such as DDT and dieldrin.
Fecal contamination, raw or uncooked eggs and meat, especially poultry
Salmonella
Polarity
The two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom within water molecules (H2O) form polar covalent bonds. While there is no net charge to a water molecule, the polarity of water creates a slightly positive charge on hydrogen and a slightly negative charge on oxygen, contributing to water’s properties of attraction.
Fluid within a cell
Intercellular fluid
Fluid outside a cell
extra cellular fluid
thin layer of fluid that surrounds the body’s cells
interstitial fluid
Relationship between obesity and disease
Obesity is a significant risk factor for and contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, most importantly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but also from cancer and chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis, liver and kidney disease, sleep apnea, and depression
Cycle of malnutrition
- Poor Nutrition results in wight loss, muscle wasting, weakness, nutrient deficiencies.
- Impaired immune systems cannot fight HIV and other infections
- Increased vulnerability to infections
- results in Increased Nutritional needs, and cycles again.
essential nutrients
water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
foods to which one or more nutrients have been added that were not originally there
Fortified
food that has nutrients added to restore those lost during processing
Enriched
the process of absorbing water-soluble molecules into the bloodstream
Absorption
Trans fats/hydrogenation
form of unsaturated fat associated with a number of negative health effects. Artificial trans-fat is created during hydrogenation, which converts liquid vegetable oils into semi-solid partially hydrogenated oil.
when two LBV proteins are eaten together. By eating two LBV proteins in the same meal, you can make up for the lacking amino acids in each, therefore giving yourself a meal with a high biological value (HBV).
Protein complementation
- Obesity risks
Heart disease and stroke, High blood pressure, Diabetes, some cancers, Gallbladder disease and gallstones, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Breathing problems.
- Forms of energy storage:
Liver, Muscles, Glycogen, and sometimes protein
the jiggly fat visible just under the skin
Subcutaneous fat
fat that surrounds the organs. Though it is not visible from the outside, it is associated with numerous diseases.
Visceral Fat
the proportion of a drug or other substance which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect. how well our body does in absorbing these nutrients. it can be effected by different things. If over consuming on vitamin, it has a difficulty absorbing other vitamins.
Bioavailability
structure of an amino acid
Has an amino group (amino acid)
a carboxyl group, and a side chain
