General

Question 1

a medical condition observed in physically active females involving three components:

1) low energy availability with or without disordered eating,
2) menstrual dysfunction, and
3) low bone density

Answer 1

Female athlete triad:

Question 2

When the emotional aspects of food and eating overpower the role of food as nourishment, what may develop?

Answer 2

an eating disorder

Question 3

What are the causes of food insecurity?

Answer 3

: Food insecurity is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. The most common causes of food insecurity in African and other Third World countries were:

a. Drought and other extreme weather events. …
c. Pests, livestock diseases and other agricultural problems. …
d. Climate change. …
e. Military conflicts. …
f. Lack of emergency plans. …
g. Corruption and political instability. …
h. Cash crops dependence. …
i. AIDS.

Question 4

Seafood contaminants

Answer 4

a. metals such as mercury and lead,
b. industrial chemicals such as PCBs, and
c. pesticides such as DDT and dieldrin.

Question 5

Fecal contamination, raw or uncooked eggs and meat, especially poultry

Answer 5

Salmonella

Question 6

Polarity

Answer 6

The two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom within water molecules (H2O) form polar covalent bonds. While there is no net charge to a water molecule, the polarity of water creates a slightly positive charge on hydrogen and a slightly negative charge on oxygen, contributing to water’s properties of attraction.

Question 7

Fluid within a cell

Answer 7

Intercellular fluid

Question 8

Fluid outside a cell

Answer 8

extra cellular fluid

Question 9

thin layer of fluid that surrounds the body’s cells

Answer 9

interstitial fluid

Question 10

Relationship between obesity and disease

Answer 10

Obesity is a significant risk factor for and contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, most importantly from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, but also from cancer and chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis, liver and kidney disease, sleep apnea, and depression

Question 11

Cycle of malnutrition

Answer 11

1. Poor Nutrition results in wight loss, muscle wasting, weakness, nutrient deficiencies.
2. Impaired immune systems cannot fight HIV and other infections
3. Increased vulnerability to infections
4. results in Increased Nutritional needs, and cycles again.

Question 12

essential nutrients

Answer 12

water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 13

foods to which one or more nutrients have been added that were not originally there

Answer 13

Fortified

Question 14

food that has nutrients added to restore those lost during processing

Answer 14

Enriched

Question 15

the process of absorbing water-soluble molecules into the bloodstream

Answer 15

Absorption

Question 16

Trans fats/hydrogenation

Answer 16

form of unsaturated fat associated with a number of negative health effects. Artificial trans-fat is created during hydrogenation, which converts liquid vegetable oils into semi-solid partially hydrogenated oil.

Question 17

when two LBV proteins are eaten together. By eating two LBV proteins in the same meal, you can make up for the lacking amino acids in each, therefore giving yourself a meal with a high biological value (HBV).

Answer 17

Protein complementation

Question 18

12. Obesity risks

Answer 18

Heart disease and stroke, High blood pressure, Diabetes, some cancers, Gallbladder disease and gallstones, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Breathing problems.

Question 19

13. Forms of energy storage:

Answer 19

Liver, Muscles, Glycogen, and sometimes protein

Question 20

the jiggly fat visible just under the skin

Answer 20

Subcutaneous fat

Question 21

fat that surrounds the organs. Though it is not visible from the outside, it is associated with numerous diseases.

Answer 21

Visceral Fat

Question 22

the proportion of a drug or other substance which enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect. how well our body does in absorbing these nutrients. it can be effected by different things. If over consuming on vitamin, it has a difficulty absorbing other vitamins.

Answer 22

Bioavailability

Question 23

structure of an amino acid

Answer 23

Has an amino group (amino acid)

a carboxyl group, and a side chain