Pregnancy Flashcards
Pregnancy testing positive when?
Urine - positive after 2 weeks
Serum - 9 days
Pregnancy trimesters
FIrst trimesters - until 14wk
2nd - 28 wk
3rd - delivery
Which position bad for pregnancy?
Supine b/c compression of IVC - supine htn
Which position good for pregnancy?
Semi-reclining position, frequent position changes, tilt pt to left
Ideal weight gain for non-obese pregnant pt?
25-35 lb, mostly maternal reserve and fetus
CV changes in pregnancy?
Plasma volume and cardiac output increased
Peripheral resistance and BP decreased
Respiratory changes?
increased minute ventilation, tidal volume
Reclining position can impair what in 3rd trimester
respiratory function
GI changes in pregnancy
gums hyperemic
decreased motility of GI tract
relaxed esophageal sphincter - GERD, risk of aspiration
Nausea/vomiting
When do pregnant patients get most nausea?
1st trimester
Advise patients to do what regarding vomiting?
1 tsp baking soda in water, after vomiting
don’t brush
Pregnancy gingivitis how common?
50-70%
Pregnancy gingivitis signs?
hormones cause hypertrophy of gums
inflammation and bleeding
Why does pregnancy gingivitis occur?
hormonal change causes shift in bacterial flora
Pregnancy tumor aka?
pyogenic granuloma
lobular capillary hemangioma
pregnancy tumor occurence rate? where?
10% women
inflamed gums in interproximal areas of max gingiva
Pregnancy tumor treatment?
most resolve, but if not then surgery
Association between periodontal disease and preterm birth? Intervention helps?
yes, no
Caries relationship to pregnancy?
No increased risk, but already present might be exacerbated
Periods of Gestation?
Pre-implant: before 3rd week
Embryonic - before 8th week organogenesis
Fetal - after 8weeks
Common period where teratogen afcts?
embryonic
FDA drug pregnancy categories?
A - human studies no risk
B - animal no risk, no human OR animal risk but human no risk
C - animal risk but no human studies
D - human risk but benefits outweigh risk
X - risks in human and benefits dont outweigh
Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy?
Anticonvulsants Antineoplastic Antimicrobial Androgens Warfarin ACE inhibitor Retinoids
Tetracyclines can do what to baby?
discolor
Sulfonamides and Nitrofurantoins timing?
Safe in 2nd/3rd trimester, avoid in 1st
Analgesics concern in pregnancy?
ductus arteriosus closure
Acetaminophen in pregnancy?
safe!
aspirin safe?
no
Ibuprofen/Naproxen?
avoid 1st and 3rd
General anesthesia concerns in pregnancy?
difficult breathing in late pregnancy
NO and LA’s?
good
SAFE radiologic tests in preganncy?
ultrasound, MRI, radiation
Dental xray rads
0.0001
Which radiologic test is bad?
radioactive iodine
Tests to use cuatiously
radiopaque contrast agents (cautiously)
Paramagnetic contrast agents for MRI
Radionucleotide testing
Radiation teratogenic effects
microcephaly
growth and mental retardation
Radiation effects greatest when?
3-10wk
Do major dentistry in which?
2nd and 3rd trimester
Infants breastfeeding exclusively for?
1st 5 mo
breastfeeding contraindicated when?
Taking antineoplastic, thyrotoxic and immunosuppressive agents
Recieving radioactive isotopes
Chemo or radiation therapy
Safe medications for breastfeeding?
Antibiotics Analgesics Antihistamines IV contrast agents Nasal decongestants
Resource for looking up medicines in breastfeeding?
Reprotox
May use “bad” meds during breastfeeding using what technique?
Pump and dump
Highest rate of contraception?
Implant
