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Meds 2 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

LAD, LCx, RCA vascular territories?

A

LAD: anterior and septum
LCx: lateral
RCA: inferior and right ventricle

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2
Q

Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI are what kind of coronary syndromes?

A

acute

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3
Q

Risk factor for athero syndromes? (5)

A 
Age (M>45, F>55)
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes
Tobacco
Family history (M
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4
Q

If pt gets chest pain during procedure and some risk factors what steps to take?

A
  1. stop procedure
  2. sublingual nitroglycerin
  3. aspirin
  4. emergency dept
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5
Q

place what with catheterization?

A

stents

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6
Q

Difference between bare metal and drug-eluting stents?

A

Drug eluting stents last longer, have to give dual anti- platelet therapy for 1 month with bare metal, 1 year for drug-eluting.

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7
Q

If pt has stent, what considerations for tooth extraction?

A

Postpone for amt time theyre on antiplatelet therapy

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8
Q

Aspirin or other drugs with “grel” are?

A

antiplatelet

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9
Q 
type of drugs are..
statins?
"olol"
"pril/sartan"
nitro
A

lipid-lowering
beta blockers
Ace-inhibitors
nitrates

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10
Q

Cardiomyopathies defined as due to what? Manifest as what?

A

Abnormal muscle function, abnormal contraction/relaxation, CHF

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11
Q

Etiology of Ischemic cardiomyopathy?

A

coronary disease

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12
Q

Etiology of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy?

A

Htn
Valve Disease
Infiltrative disease
Arrythmia

ALcohol
Chemo
Viral infection

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13
Q

Treatment for cardiomyopathy:
symptoms?
prevent remodeling?
devices?

A

diuretics for symptoms
beta-blockers, ace inhibitors for remodeling
defibrillators, “resynch” therapy

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14
Q

Patients in decompensated heart failure should get procedures?

A

Should not undergo nonemergent procedures

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15
Q

Conduction system components?

A

SA, AV, His, bundles

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16
Q

P, QRS, T waves are?

A

P - atria activation
QRS - ventricle activation
T - recovery

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17
Q

Tachycardia BPM?

A

> 100

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18
Q

Bradycardia BPM?

A
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19
Q

Rate = ?

A

60/R-R interval

20
Q

Normal sinus rhythm means?

A

Each P followed by one QRS

21
Q

Atrial Fib rhythm?

A

no P wave, ventricle contracts at random intervals

22
Q

Atrial flutter rhythm?

A

saw-tooth P wave, QRS after several flutter waves

23
Q

narrow vs wide complex tachycardia

A

wide has big smooth QRS, suspect ventricular

24
Q

QRS interval should be how long?

A
25
Q

Syncope in young athlete can mean…

A

underlying cardiac condition, avoid epinephrine

26
Q

Sinus pause sinus arrest will cause patient to?

A

black out

27
Q

If any pauses are greater than what or HR less than what, stop procedure? This could be?

A

pauses > 3seconds

HR

28
Q

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators need Abx prophylaxis?

A

nooo

29
Q

What can affect ICDs programming?

A

electrocautery

30
Q

Magnet does what to ICD? How strong is safe?

A

disables ICD shocks, >30s disables

10 Gauss/1mTelsa

31
Q

Lub and Dub sounds are wut?

A 
lub = atrioventricular valves close
dub = semilunar valves close
32
Q

Cardiac murmur from?

A

turbulent blood flow from stenotic or regurgitant valve

33
Q

Mechanical and bioprosthetic pros cons

A

Mechanical: lasts longer but needs lifelong anticoagulation
Bioprosthetic: doesn’t last as long but doesn’t need lifelong anticoag

34
Q

Prosthetic valve complications?

A

thrombosis
Endocarditis
Leak
Hemolysis

35
Q

INR goal for all mechanical valves is?

A

2.5 - 3.5 (0r 2.0 if bileaflet/mechanical aortic valve with no history of stroke, afib, left ventricular dysfunction, or hypercoag state)

36
Q

Low risk valve patients?

A

Bi-leaflet aortic valve AND no history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular dysfunction or hypercoagulable state

37
Q

High Risk valve patients?

A

Mitral or tricuspid valve
Multiple valves
Older valves

History of previous event
Left ventricular dysfunction
Atrial fibrillation
Hypercoagulable state

38
Q

Treatment considerations for low risk patients?

A

Warfarin withheld 48-72h before procedure so INR can fall below 1.5

Warfarin started 24h after

Heparin not cessary

39
Q

High risk patients treatment procedure?

A

“Heparin Bridge”

  1. stop warfarin >72h before
  2. IV unfractionated herparin started when INR below 2 (usually 48h prior)
  3. Heparin stopped 6h before
  4. Heparin/Warfarin restarted after surgery/bleeding stops
  5. Heparin discontinued when INR reaches therapeutic levels
40
Q

Endocarditis risk factors?

A 
Structural Heart DiseaseTypic
Prosthetic heart valves 
IV drug abuse
HIV+
Hospital-Acquired
Hemodialysis
Pacemakers
Poor dental hygiene
Prior history of endocarditis
41
Q

Typical Endocarditis organisms

A 
Staph.  aureus
Strep. viridans
Strep. bovis
Enterococcus
HACEK group
42
Q

Endocarditis Major criteria

A

Positive blood culture with common microorganism

Evidence of Endocardial envolvement (vegetation/murmur)

43
Q

Endocarditis Minor criteria

A 
Fever
Single positive blood culture
Predisposing condition 
	(IV drug use, cardiac abnormality)
Embolic event
	(embolic stroke, pulmonary infarcts, renal infacts, conjuctival hemorrhages, Janeway lesions)
Immunologic phenomenon
	(Glomerulonephritis, Osler’s node, Roth’s spot)
44
Q

Dental prophylaxis needed when? (4)

A

Prosthetic valve
Previous infective endocarditis
CHD (unrepaired, repaired within 6mo, repaired but defects)
Cardiac transplant with valvulopathy

45
Q

What kind of dental procedures require prophylaxis?

A

minupulation of gingival tissue, periapical region, perforation of oral mucosa (but not anesthetic)

46
Q

Abx Chart

A

yeah

Meds 2 (7 decks)

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