Pregnancy

Question 1

factors affecting fertility

Answer 1

• age
• smoking
• BMI
• exercise
• drugs
• folate
• alcohol

Question 2

Pregnancy - hormonal changes

Answer 2

increased oestrogen and progestogen
- act on kidney to increase renin secretion
- increased salt and water retention
- increased plasma volume

hormonal changes leads to reduced insulin sensitivity
- diabetes in pregnancy possible

Question 3

Haemotological changes in pregnancy

Answer 3

• increased production of RC, WC, platelets
• increased white cell production makes diagnosing infections difficult

Question 4

Foods not to eat when pregnant

Answer 4

raw/slightly cooked meat and raw fish
raw eggs
- salmonella
non-pasteurised milk and milk cheese
- listeria
spicy, grilled and fried food
marlin, tuna and shark
- mercury toxicity
liver and other entrails and internal organs of a slaughtered animal
- during and in first 3 months of pregnancy

Question 5

When does the embryonic stage end?

Answer 5

At 10 weeks

Question 6

Pregnancy - dental considerations

Answer 6

• drugs in pregnancy
• pregnancy gingivitis
• periodontal health of mother
• cost of dental care