Ophthalmology Flashcards
types of cataracts
age related
congenital
toxic/drug related
traumatic
systemic disease
treatment options for cataracts
surgery
- intraocular lens implant
glaucoma features
most common cause of blindness in over 60s in western world
- preventable
caused by raised intra-ocular pressure
- acute and chronic
- optic neuropathy
- visual field defects
Glaucoma - mild attacks
pain in eyes and haloes around lights
symptoms relieved by sleeping
Glaucoma - full-blown attacks
rapid deterioration of vision
intense eye pain
redness and watering of the eye
sensitivity to bright light
haloes around lights
nausea and vomiting
Glaucoma treatment
reduce production of fluid
- drops (beta-blockers)
increase drainage of fluid
- laser
- surgery - trabeculectomy
what is ARMD?
age-related macular degeneration
- build up of cellular waste under the retina
only affects central vision
dry ARMD
most common
slow atrophy of photoreceptors at macular
no treatment
wet ARMD
dry ARMD + leakage of blood and fluid at macula
much more rapidly progressive
visual distortion
laser treatment occasionally effective
ARMD treatment
none may be possible/needed
dietary vitamin/antioxidant supplemnets
activated laster - phototherapy
intravitreal injections
- anti VEGF drugs
diabetic retinopathy - treatment
improve diabetic control
- glycaemia
- blood pressure
- cholesterol
laser
vitrectomy
