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SHF 200 - BIOMECHANICS > PREGNANCY > Flashcards

PREGNANCY Flashcards

1
Q

PREGNANCY

A

Pregnancy is not an illness or condition, it is a normal physiological process

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2
Q

THE HUMAN ‘OBSTETRICAL DILEMMA’

A

The human foetal head size exceeds outlet dimensions with emergence of bipedalism

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3
Q

MUSCULAR FORCES ACTING ON THE PELVIS

A

Abdominal muscles
Inguinal tension
Gluteal muscles
Obturator muscles
Adductor muscles
Pectineus
Piriformis (posteriorly)

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4
Q

LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS

A

Pubovesical ligament
Inguinal ligament
Uterosacral ligament
Transverse cervical ligament (cardinal)
Pubocervical ligament

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5
Q

RARE PROBLEMS WITH THE PLACENTA AND/OR SPINAL CORD

A
  • Placenta previa
  • Abruptio placentae
  • Unusual position of placenta
  • Short unbilical cord
  • Cord around the infants neck
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6
Q

ROLE OF RELAXIN

A
  • Relaxin is a hormone only produced during pregnancy
  • Its role is to increase the flexibility of the ligamanets during pregnancy to help open up the pelvis during labour
  • 89% of SPD occurs in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters
  • Peak production is at 12 weeks
  • Body stops producing relaxin 3 months after breast feeding is stopped - That could be up to 9 months post partum
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7
Q

HYPERMOBILITY AND PREGNANCY

A
  • These pateints can be difficult to treat; generally they may have restrictions in the thoracic spine, with increased tension in the erector spinae muscles to try and stabilise the hypermobile segments
  • Hypermobile patients should avoid doing yoga – as they are mobile enough already – encourage them to swim or do pilates instead
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8
Q

12 WEEKS - UTERUS/BABY

A
  • Baby is the size of a grapefruit
  • Uterus rises above the pelvic rim
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9
Q

12 WEEKS - ANTERIOR MUSCULATURE

A
  • Reactive shortening of rectus abdominalis
  • Anterior hip muscles need to be streched
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10
Q

12 WEEKS - THORACIC SPINE

A
  • Breasts enlarge
  • Increased thoracic kyphosis
  • Compressed thoracic outlet
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11
Q

12 WEEKS - PELVIS

A
  • Posterior pelvic tilt
  • Reduced lumbar spine lordosis
  • Increased sacral counternutation
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12
Q

24 WEEKS - ANTERIOR MUSCULATURE/VISCERA

A
  • Expanding uterus and displaced viscera
  • Pressure under the diaphragm as diaphragm elevates
  • Thoracic spine has to extend
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13
Q

24 WEEKS - THORACIC SPINE

A
  • Lower ribs displaced, need to expand laterally
  • Distal sternum elevates
  • Increased breast weight
  • Thoracic spine increases
  • Cervical spine lordosis increases
  • TOS and 1st rib dysfunction
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14
Q

24 WEEKS - PELVIS

A
  • Pelvis may still be posteriorly rotated or starting to rotate anteriorly
  • This can depend on how many pregnancies the pt has had
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15
Q

30 WEEKS

A
  • 80% of women develop lordotic pressure
  • Stretch through abdominals
  • Rectus diastasis in 60%
  • Pubis strain/SPD
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16
Q

30 WEEKS - THORACIC SPINE

A
  • Altered head carriage
  • Increased kyphosis – strain at C/T
  • Thoracic inlet compromise
  • Sternal angle 0 elevates (1st rib/thoracic outlet
17
Q

30 WEEKS - PELVIS

A
  • Deep lumbar spine lordosis
  • Anterior pelvic rotation
  • Increased sacral nutation
  • Coccyx needs to flex
18
Q

30 WEEKS - LEGS

A
  • Laterally rotated hips
  • Altered orientation feet and knees
  • Altered gait – feet and lower extremity loading
19
Q

40 WEEKS

A
  • Pelvix rotated posteriorly, flattened lumbar spine
  • Weight bearing through pelvic floor/ligaments rather than add ms and SP
  • Rib circumfrence increases by 5-7cm
  • Increases venous pressure and congestion leading to haemorrhoids
20
Q

CENTRE OF GRAVITY AND PREGNANCY

A

During pregnancy, a woman’s center of gravity shifts forward and upward due to the growing uterus and baby.
This shift in the center of gravity can affect a woman’s posture, balance, and coordination, and may increase the risk of falls and other injuries.
As the pregnancy progresses, the woman’s center of gravity will continue to shift forward, and she may need to adjust her posture and movements to maintain her balance and reduce the risk of falls.

SHF 200 - BIOMECHANICS (9 decks)

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