Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SHF 200 - BIOMECHANICS > BIOMECHANICAL CONCEPTS > Flashcards

BIOMECHANICAL CONCEPTS Flashcards

1
Q

BIOMECHANICS - DEFINITION

A

A field that combines the disciplines of biology and engineering mechanisms and utilises the tools of physics, mathematics and engineering to quantitatively describe the properties of biological materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

KINESIOLOGY - DEFINITION

A

The scientific study of human movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, biomechanics and psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ARTHROKINETICS - DEFINITION

A

A field that combines the disciplines of biology and engineering mechanics and utilises the tools of physics, mathematics and engineering to quantitatively describe the properties of movement of the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

STATIC STRUCTURES

A

Bones
Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DYNAMIC STRUCTURES

A

Muscles
Propriocepters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NEUROLOGICAL MECHANISMS

A

Central control
Local control
Corrective measures
Feedback and feedforward loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

A

Vascularity
Energy systems (oxygen, ATP, Fe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TIME

A

Age
Timelines
Degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

EXTERNAL INFLUENCING FACTORS

A

Gravity
Inertia
Ground reaction forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES

A

Centre of gravity
Levers
Torque
Power
Force
Force coupling
Form and force closure
Roll, slide and spin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES

A

Degeneration
Development issues
Trauma
Malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHAT IS FORCE?

A

Force is a push or a pull, with an unequal force allowing an object/limb to move as a result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

6 TYPES OF FORCE

A

Tension
Compression
Bending
Shearing
Torsion
Combined loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NEWTON’S 1ST LAW OF MOTION

A

Football being kicked, will remain stationary until it is kicked and will continue at the same speed until it meets another force or resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NEWTON’S 2ND LAW OF ACCELERATION

A

Pulling something: you need a force to make something move and the heavier the mass the greater the force you need to move it. The bigger you are the more energy needed to jump to the same height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NEWTON’S 3RD LAW OF MOTION

A

If you jump the force applied to the ground has a reaction in making you jump in a different direction

17
Q

FULCRUM - EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLE

A

In the human body, a bone forms the lever, and the fulcrum is a joint where a bone van move around the pivot point.
The effort force is provided by muscles and is applied to the lever system at the point where the muscles tendon attaches to the bone serving as the lever.
1st, 2nd and 3rd class levers present in OA, elbow and foot and ankle joints

18
Q

TORQUE - EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLE

A

Moment are of a force system is the perpendicular distance from an axis to the line of action of a force. Torque is the ability of a force to cause rotation on a lever.
An example of torque forces is the contraction of ipsilateral ES muscles on individual vertebrae leading to a rotation movement and the subsequent torque force put through the laminae of the intervertebral discs. it is the variation in fibre direction of the laminae of the discs that copes with these forces

19
Q

LEVERS

A

A lever system is made-up of 3 parts - an effort, a load and a fulcrum
In the human body, the effort is provided by the muscle (the muscles point of application/insertion), the load is the weight of the body and any added resistance and the fulcrum is the joint itself

20
Q

TYPES OF LEVERS

A

1st class lever - fulcrum is in the middle
2nd class lever - resistance is in the middle
3rd class lever - effort is in the middle

21
Q

EXAMPLES FOR TYPES OF LEVERS

A

1st class - extension/flexion of skull on the atlas
2nd class - plantar flexion of foot/ankle on the ball of the foot
3rd class - elbow flexion

22
Q

ROLL

A

Multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface
Analogy - A tire rotating across a stretch of pavement

23
Q

SLIDE

A

A single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface
Analogy - A non-rotating tire skidding across a stretch of icy pavement

24
Q

SPIN

A

A single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface
Analogy - A toy top rotating on one spot on the floor

25
Q

DISTAL ON PROXIMAL KINEMATICS

A

Like the femur on tibia during flexion
Like when performing a squat

26
Q

PROXIMAL ON DISTAL KINEMATICS

A

Like the tibia on femur during extension
Like kicking a football

SHF 200 - BIOMECHANICS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions