Pregnancy Flashcards
3 comon congential defects
cleft lip
cleft palate
congenital heart disease
what factors contribute to congenital effects
genetic defect
drugs
smoking
environmental pollution
heavy metals
name of program given to patient if getting pregnant should be avoided
pregnancy prevention programme
what is sodium valporate
medicine used to treat epilipsy, bipolar disease or more rarely migrane
why might drug be used in pregnancy
treat symptoms associated with pregnancy
treat more serious complications
ongoing treatment
vacccination
What sort of vaccine can be used
non active
give example of non active vacine
influenze
pertusis
covid 19 booster
give examples of active vaccine
MMR
BCG
Chickenpox
Oral typhoid
yellow fever
how does pregnancy effect absorption
^ progesterone decrease gastric , small intestine motility decreasing gut absorption
nausea + vomiting decreasing oral absorption
^ tissue perfusion increasing sc + im injection
^ cardiac output, tidal volume increasing
how does pregnancy affect distirbution
plasma volume increase
volume of distribution increase
decreases distribution
how does pregnancy affect metabolism
oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and placental growth hormone elevated
how does pregnacny affect excretion
it doesnt
what is a teratogen
a drug which can result in structural or functional abnormalities in a child of a patient
what is the most famous teratogen
thalidomide
what 4 facotrs influence drug teratogenecity
dose
timing
species
genotype
describe breast structure
15 - 20 lobes arranged like petals
each lobe has lobules (also reffered to as alveoli)
lobules produce milk
define lactogenesis
synthesis and secretion of milk from breast alveoli
Describe how lactogenesis occurs
alveoli mature balls of granular cells become hollowed out to surround a central lumen
milk is secreted by the epithelial cells of alevoli
myoepithelial cells are contractile moving milk into milk duct prior to ejection
main issues for breast feeding mothers
many drugs not indicated for use in breastfeeding
how do drugs pass through breast milk
all drugs enter breast milk by passive diffusion of unionized unbound drug usually within 72 hours
