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HUNT243 > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what is fecundity

A

biological capacity to bear children

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2
Q

what is fertility

A

the actual production of children

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3
Q

what are the 5 stages of human conception

A

ovulation
fertilization
cleavage
blastocyst
implantation

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4
Q

when is the zygote formed

A

fertilisation

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5
Q

what happens during cleavage

A

the cell divides for 12-48 until it reaches 26 cells

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6
Q

name of 16-cell

A

morula

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7
Q

when does a morula become a balstocyst

A

more than 100 cells it fills with fluid and becomes 2 groups

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8
Q

what are the two groups of a blastocyst

A

embryoblast
trophoblast

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9
Q

what part of the blastocyst becomes:
the fetus
the placenta

A

trophoblast is placenta
embryoblast is the fetus

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10
Q

describe conception

A

-when a sperm penetrates an egg, the genetic makeup is complete
-the zygote rapidly divides as it travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the uterine wall

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11
Q

describe fetal deveopment at 4 weeks

A

face and neck structures become evident
-heart and blood vessel development continues
-lungs, stomach and liver development starts
-at home pregnancy test will show

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12
Q

describe fetal development at 8 weeks

A

-Grape size, now a fetus
-eyelids and ears forming
-arms and legs are well-formed
-fingers and toes become more distinct

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13
Q

descirbe fetal developemnt at 12 weeks

A

-starts own movement
-can hear the heartbeat
-can tell the gender
-top of the uterus above the pelvic bone

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14
Q

describe fetal development at 16 weeks

A

-baby can blink
-heart and blood vessels fully formed
-has fingerprints

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15
Q

describe fetal development at 20 weeks

A

-yawn, stretch, thumb suck
-quickening(mum feeling baby movement)

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16
Q

describe fetal developemnt at 24 weeks

A

-responds to sound
-inner ear developed so may sense being upside down

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17
Q

describe fetal development at 28 weeks

A

-good chance for premature birth survival
-frequent position changes

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18
Q

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

A

-less wrinkles
-layer of fat forms
-gains half of its birth weight

19
Q

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

A

-fewer wrinkles
-a layer of fat forms
-gains half of its birth weight

20
Q

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

A

-head positioned near pelvis
-lungs almost developed

21
Q

what is the amniotic sac

A

amnion membrane formed around the embryo

22
Q

when does the amniotic membrane form

A

around 2 wks post conception

23
Q

what happens to the water in the amniotic sac by 10 wks

A

contains
-protein
-CHO
-lipids
-urea
-electrolytes

24
Q

what is the purpose of the amniotic fluid

A

-allow it to move
-protection from infections, temperature change, dehydration and impact

25
Q

when is the placenta fully formed

A

18-20 weeks

26
Q

how much does the placenta weigh by the end of pregnancy

A

approx. 0.5 kgs

27
Q

role of placent

A

-carries O2, nutrients and antibodies from mother to fetus and waste materials (CO2) from the fetus to the mother
-hormonal role of ovaries

28
Q

what hormones does the placenta product to maintain preganancy

A

human chorionic gonadotropin
progesterone
relaxin
human placental lactogens

29
Q

role of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone

A

prevents ovaries releasing another egg
-stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

30
Q

role of progestorone

A

maintenance of pregnancy
-secreted by the placenta after 12 wks

31
Q

role of relaxin

A

-synergistically with progesterone to maintain pregnancy
-relaxation of pelvic ligaments

32
Q

role of human palcental lactogens

A

prolactin and growth hormone
-promote mammary gland growth

33
Q

what does passive diffusion transport across the placenta

A

O2, CO2, fatty acids, steroids, nucleosides, electrolytes, fat-soluble vitamins

34
Q

what does facilitated diffusion transport across placenta

A

sugars

35
Q

what does active transport move across placenta

A

amino acids, cations, water soluable vitamins

36
Q

what does active transport move across placenta

A

amino acids, cations, water soluble vitamins

37
Q

What does solven drag transport across the placenta

A

elecrtrolytes

38
Q

what is the placenta examined for

A

size, shape
presence of unusual bits
umbilical cord

39
Q

why do maori bury placentas

A

to emphasize the relationship between them and the earth

40
Q

what are teratogens

A

agent that disturbs development

41
Q

classes of teratogens

A

radiation
maternal infections
chemcials
drugs

42
Q

when will a fetus have a 50% chance of survival

A

24 weeks

43
Q

short term complications of pre-term birth

A

respiratory distress (RDS)
Hear: patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
Brain: intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
GI: necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)

44
Q

long-term complications of pre-term birth

A

cognitive, vision, hearing, ADHD, anxiety, asthma, SIDS

HUNT243 (5 decks)

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