Pregnancy

Question 1

what is fecundity

Answer 1

biological capacity to bear children

Question 2

what is fertility

Answer 2

the actual production of children

Question 3

what are the 5 stages of human conception

Answer 3

ovulation
fertilization
cleavage
blastocyst
implantation

Question 4

when is the zygote formed

Answer 4

fertilisation

Question 5

what happens during cleavage

Answer 5

the cell divides for 12-48 until it reaches 26 cells

Question 6

name of 16-cell

Answer 6

morula

Question 7

when does a morula become a balstocyst

Answer 7

more than 100 cells it fills with fluid and becomes 2 groups

Question 8

what are the two groups of a blastocyst

Answer 8

embryoblast
trophoblast

Question 9

what part of the blastocyst becomes:
the fetus
the placenta

Answer 9

trophoblast is placenta
embryoblast is the fetus

Question 10

describe conception

Answer 10

-when a sperm penetrates an egg, the genetic makeup is complete
-the zygote rapidly divides as it travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the uterine wall

Question 11

describe fetal deveopment at 4 weeks

Answer 11

face and neck structures become evident
-heart and blood vessel development continues
-lungs, stomach and liver development starts
-at home pregnancy test will show

Question 12

describe fetal development at 8 weeks

Answer 12

-Grape size, now a fetus
-eyelids and ears forming
-arms and legs are well-formed
-fingers and toes become more distinct

Question 13

descirbe fetal developemnt at 12 weeks

Answer 13

-starts own movement
-can hear the heartbeat
-can tell the gender
-top of the uterus above the pelvic bone

Question 14

describe fetal development at 16 weeks

Answer 14

-baby can blink
-heart and blood vessels fully formed
-has fingerprints

Question 15

describe fetal development at 20 weeks

Answer 15

-yawn, stretch, thumb suck
-quickening(mum feeling baby movement)

Question 16

describe fetal developemnt at 24 weeks

Answer 16

-responds to sound
-inner ear developed so may sense being upside down

Question 17

describe fetal development at 28 weeks

Answer 17

-good chance for premature birth survival
-frequent position changes

Question 18

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

Answer 18

-less wrinkles
-layer of fat forms
-gains half of its birth weight

Question 19

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

Answer 19

-fewer wrinkles
-a layer of fat forms
-gains half of its birth weight

Question 20

describe fetal development at 32 weeks

Answer 20

-head positioned near pelvis
-lungs almost developed

Question 21

what is the amniotic sac

Answer 21

amnion membrane formed around the embryo

Question 22

when does the amniotic membrane form

Answer 22

around 2 wks post conception

Question 23

what happens to the water in the amniotic sac by 10 wks

Answer 23

contains
-protein
-CHO
-lipids
-urea
-electrolytes

Question 24

what is the purpose of the amniotic fluid

Answer 24

-allow it to move
-protection from infections, temperature change, dehydration and impact

Question 25

when is the placenta fully formed

Answer 25

18-20 weeks

Question 26

how much does the placenta weigh by the end of pregnancy

Answer 26

approx. 0.5 kgs

Question 27

role of placent

Answer 27

-carries O2, nutrients and antibodies from mother to fetus and waste materials (CO2) from the fetus to the mother -hormonal role of ovaries

Question 28

what hormones does the placenta product to maintain preganancy

Answer 28

human chorionic gonadotropin progesterone relaxin human placental lactogens

Question 29

role of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone

Answer 29

prevents ovaries releasing another egg -stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

Question 30

role of progestorone

Answer 30

maintenance of pregnancy -secreted by the placenta after 12 wks

Question 31

role of relaxin

Answer 31

-synergistically with progesterone to maintain pregnancy -relaxation of pelvic ligaments

Question 32

role of human palcental lactogens

Answer 32

prolactin and growth hormone -promote mammary gland growth

Question 33

what does passive diffusion transport across the placenta

Answer 33

O2, CO2, fatty acids, steroids, nucleosides, electrolytes, fat-soluble vitamins

Question 34

what does facilitated diffusion transport across placenta

Answer 34

sugars

Question 35

what does active transport move across placenta

Answer 35

amino acids, cations, water soluable vitamins

Question 36

what does active transport move across placenta

Answer 36

amino acids, cations, water soluble vitamins

Question 37

What does solven drag transport across the placenta

Answer 37

elecrtrolytes

Question 38

what is the placenta examined for

Answer 38

size, shape presence of unusual bits umbilical cord

Question 39

why do maori bury placentas

Answer 39

to emphasize the relationship between them and the earth

Question 40

what are teratogens

Answer 40

agent that disturbs development

Question 41

classes of teratogens

Answer 41

radiation maternal infections chemcials drugs

Question 42

when will a fetus have a 50% chance of survival

Answer 42

24 weeks

Question 43

short term complications of pre-term birth

Answer 43

respiratory distress (RDS) Hear: patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) Brain: intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) GI: necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)

Question 44

long-term complications of pre-term birth

Answer 44

cognitive, vision, hearing, ADHD, anxiety, asthma, SIDS