Predictors and Explanations

Question 1

Name the conditions for causality.

Answer 1

1. covariation
2. temporal precedence
3. alternative explanations
4. logical connection

Question 2

When do we talk about severe personality disorders?

Answer 2

1. PCL >30
2. PCL 25-29 + one PD (not ASPD)
3. 2+ PDs

Question 3

What are the problems with covariation and PDs?

Answer 3

1. are all PDs equally related to violence?
2. PCL cut-off score
3. combining categorical and dimensional constructs

Question 4

What are the results of cohort studies on PDs and violence?

Answer 4

1. paranoid: burglary and threatening behaviours
2. narcissistic: arson, vandalism, physical fights, mugging/robbery, violence
3. borderline: same as NPD, but only if not controlled for SA.

SA is a longitudinal mediator.

Question 5

What are the consequences of the use of causal models?

Answer 5

1. incompatibility between models
2. presumption of unidirectionality
3. presumed finality of models

Question 6

What needs to be taken into account the presumed finality of causal models?

Answer 6

1. conditional nature of the link between PDs and violence
2. probabilistic nature of causal models
3. dyanmic nature of variables
4. modifiable variables

Question 7

How can impulsivity contribute to (re)offending?

Answer 7

• (immediate) gratification of needs

- person-environment interactions