Affect and Emotion Regulation

Question 1

What constitutes emotion regulation?

Answer 1

1. attention to emotion
2. emotional understanding
3. evaluation and acceptance of emotions
4. ability to control behaviour under arousal
5. use of emotional response strategies

Question 2

When does anger become problematic?

Answer 2

self-regulation or anger impulses are impaired

• impairment can be trait- or state-like
• impairment can be perceived by the individual or others

Question 3

Explain the general aggression model.

Answer 3

1. person x environment
2. present internal states
3. appraisal and decision
4. thoughtful action or impulse action

Question 4

What are the explanatory mechanisms for the anger-aggression link?

Answer 4

1. anger reduces inhibitions
2. anger energizes behaviour through arousal
3. allows maintenance of aggressive intention
4. anger used as information cue
5. anger as primer of aggressive thoughts, behaviour and scripts

Question 5

Explain anger and self-regulation.

Answer 5

• instigators of anger
• inhibition of anger expression

1. phenomenological overcontrolled
2. behaviourally overcontrolled

Question 6

What are the hypotheses on anger and provocation in PD patients?

Answer 6

1. exposed to greater provocation
2. more like to cognitive appraise provocation from others
3. more likely to experience stronger arousal to aversive events
4. more intense or frequent angry reactions
5. impairments in self-regulation

Question 7

Explain the quadripartive violence typology.

Answer 7

impulsive/affective vs instrumental dichotomy

• self-control dimension
• motivation dimension

recreational, rage, reward and revenge aggression

ASPD + BPD individual will show all forms depending on context

Question 8

Explain brain correlates of affective dyscontrol.

Answer 8

measurement of brain potentials during go/no-go task
CNV: contingent negative variation: anticipation

lack of differentiation between go/no-go tasks in PD patients with impulsivity.

CNV related to Error Related Negativity

Question 9

What are brain mechanisms related to anger and PDs?

Answer 9

1. reduced orbitofrontal inhibition of the limbic amygdala activation (BPD)
2. dysfunctions in dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (ASPD)
3. ASPD + BPD leads to both types of aggression