Predation

Question 1

Selfish Herd defined (animal example)

Answer 1

when faces with predators, animals move to the inside of a group to shield themselves, which is why tight groups form
e.g. sheep flock closely when predator approaches, why herding dogs work

Question 2

Dilution Effect defined (animal example)

Answer 2

risk of predation is lowered when in a large group, because the risk is shared among the group members and predators can only take a small number of prey
e.g. schools of fish

Question 3

Confusion Effect (animal example)

Answer 3

when prey is grouped together, predator can’t focus on and pursue one individual
e.g. zebra stripes

Question 4

Predator inspection (animal example)

Answer 4

a group of prey move closer to predator to asses its motives
e.g. some guppies will break away and approach predator

Question 5

Stotting (animal example)

Answer 5

prey jumps in air, shows predator that it sees them and is athletic
e.g. gazelles toward cheetahs

Question 6

Mobbing (animal example)

Answer 6

cooperatively diving at/attacking a predator
e.g. groups of birds

Question 7

Alarm Calling in Vervet Monkey (different calls-different threats)

Answer 7

different calls for different predators, signals to group how they should react
leopard call = run up into trees
eagle call = look up
snake call = look down