Preconstruction Flashcards
Unit prices
Stated in the bids and provide a price per unit fo materials and/or services. They offer the Architect and Owner a comparable means of measurement to use in comparing bids.
Spec Parts
- General 2. Products 3. Execution
Descriptive Specifications
Describes exact characteristics of product or material. Can be tedious and time consuming. Combine with Proprietary spec as basis of design.
Performance Specifications
Describes performance qualities of a material or product. Combine with Reference spec. Use on government projects and Design-Build projects.
Reference Specifications
Incorporates reference standards from industry associations and testing organizations (ANSI, ASTM, UL).
Proprietary Specifications
Simple, brief. Used when specifier is familiar with products specified.
Spec types used in each project phase
SD: Uniformat, DD: Outline Specs, CD: 3 Part Specs
When to use Short Form Specs
Projects of limited or simple scope, DB projects where you want to give GC more freedom, Interior fit-outs, projects where high level of detail is not required (lengthy submittals on a small project).
Responsible Bidder
A responsible bidder is one who can demonstrate financial capacity to perform the contracted work.
Responsive bid
All bidding requirements, including all the elements of the bid form, have been satisfactorily completed.
Qualifications-based bidder selection
The owner selects a contractor solely on the basis of the contractor’s qualifications
Value-based bidder selection
The owner selects a contractor based on the weighted values of multiple criteria, including construction cost or fee and proposed schedule, as well as qualifications-based criteria such as past experience on similarprojects and proposed personnel.
3 Reasons why an owner would use multiple prime contractors
- Some states require publicly funded projects to have multiple prime contractors. 2. If schedule is an important factor for a publicly funded project that must be competitively bid, then MP may be the best option for an accelerated schedule. 3. Some owners have the capacity to manage the work of multiple contractors.
2 Reasons why an owner would use Design Build
They have reduced risk of schedule and cost overruns, and they have only one design and construction contract to administer.
Project Manual
Bidding documents, Contract, Gen and Sup Conditions, Specifications (Documents that can be bound in a book)
Contract Documents
Everything except bidding requirements
Bidding Documents
Everything except contract modifications
3 Ways Process Methodology Translates to Architecture
- Structure our work effort so projects flow better, by identifying processes and tasks that contribute valueand eliminating those that don’t.2. Reduce variation in the ways we work and in the deliverables we produce.3. Identify and eliminate (or mitigate) barriers andconstraints that hinder us from doing good work.
Methodologies for better CD’s
Reduction of redundancy, Working in Context (combining related drawings on a page - 2D and 3D), Roadmap and Bubble Referencing, Instructional Systems, Default Scheduling,
4 Options for owner if bids are all over budget
- Rebid project. Architect should help at no additional cost. Not likely to change cost without changing scope. 2. Authorize increase in construction cost and proceed. 3. Work with Architect to revise scope. No additional compensation for Architect. 4. Abandon project.
Post Bid Info GC provides to Architect upon award of project
- AIA A305 Contractor’s Qualification Statement2. Summary of work to be self-performed3. Names of manufacturers, products and suppliers of principal items4. Names of subs5. Performance and payment bonds (if not required to be part of bid) to be provided no later than 3 days after execution of contract (on A312 form).If requested by bidder: Owner must provide reasonable evidence of financial capacity for project no later than 7 days prior to expiration of the time for withdrawal of bids.
Bid security
Check or bid bond to ensure that successful bidder will enter into contract with owner if selected. Fixed price or % of construction cost (5%).
With which project delivery method are the architect’s duties during preconstruction most limited?
IPD because bidding and negotiation has already been done at that point. Architect is probably just answering RFI’s.
3 types of accelerated schedules
Directed: the owner instructs the GC to speed up and agrees to pay additional costs associated with change.Voluntary: the GC may decide to accelerate if project is behind schedule but not directed by owner to do so.Constructive: the GC speeds up schedule due to an exusable or unavoidable delay but is neither directed to or compensated by the owner. GC may file a claim for damages.
days bidders have to submit RFI’s
Up until 7 days prior to bids being due
days bidders have to submit request for substitutions
Up until 10 days prior to bids being due
Last day for addenda to be issued prior to bids being due
4 days prior
When bid sums are written out, do words or numbers take precedence in case of discrepancy?
Words
Construction and services required by the CD’s, whether completed or partially completed refer to ________.
The Work
If bidding has not started within 90 days of Architect issuing CD’s to owner, what happens?
Owner needs to update their budget for the Cost of Work to reflect changes in the bidding and market conditions.
Architect’s preconstruction role with CM as Advisor
Work with CM during design phases as they develop the project cost estimate and schedule. Consider their suggestions for alternative materials or building systems. Review drawings with CM prior to milestones as they prepare cost estimates. Arch and CM must bring project within budget by end of DD.
Architect’s CA role with CM as Advisor
A232: Arch and CM provide joint CA services re: contract administration, site visits, certifying pay apps, rejecting work, reviewing submittals, determining sub and final completion, RFI’s. CMa coordinates with GC, facilitates communication between GC and owner, prepares CO’s and CCD’s.
Architect’s preconstruction role with CM as Constructor
Like CMa but only 2 ways to price project: cost of the work + fee with or without a GMP (no stipulated sum).
Architect’s CA role with CM as Constructor
Use A201 for CA except architect’s CA sevices begin at owner’s acceptance of GMP, control estimate or notice to proceed (not award of construction contract).
Architect’s preconstruction role with DB
Select Arch’s services from list as defined in exhibit to B143 agreement.
Architect’s CA role with DB
Select Arch’s services from list as defined in exhibit to B143 agreement.
Architect’s CA role with IPD
Minimal because coordination happens earlier. Focus on quality control and cost monitoring. Similar to A201.
Architect’s preconstruction role with IPD
Limited - only includes Agency Review and Buyout phases.
Who is the IDM in a project using a CM as Advisor
Architect is still the IDM
Prior to commencement of the Work, what can GC do to request evidence of owner’s financial arrangements?
Make written request; No obligation to start work until owner provides this; Contract Time shall be adjusted if necessary.
An Architect is hired to renovate an existing historic building on the National Register. Is the building required to have an elevator to comply with ADA regulations?
Yes. The ADA Guidelines (ADAAG) states that alterations to historic buildings shall comply with all the requirements, including elevators and accessible routes, unless compliance would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building.
What’s the difference between an RFP and an RFQ?
An RFP includes any fees and costs, along with experience. An RFQ asks for firms to submit the relevant experience.
addenda
Statements or drawings that modify the basic contract documents after the latter have been issued to the bidders, but prior to taking of bids.
advertisement for bids
Published public notice soliciting proposals for a construction project.
alternate bid
Proposal by bidder for amount to be subtracted from, or added to, the base bid if the corresponding change in the work is accepted.
base bid
The sum of money stated in the bid for which the bidder offers to do the work, not including any alternate bids.
bid
A proposal by a contractor to do the work required by the contract documents for a stipulated sum of money
bid bond
A surety bond guaranteeing that the bidder will sign a contract, if offered, in accordance with his or her proposal.
bidding documents
The invitation to bid, instructions to bidders, bid form, and the contract documents.
What is an allowance?
An allowance is the amount that an architect estimates an item will cost when the cost of the material cannot be precisely determined at the time of bidding. This estimated cost is stated in the specifications, and each contractor bidding on the project is required to include the same amount for this line item. The allowance allows some choices about specific elements of the project to be deferred until the construction phase. The allowance also provides a set amount of money that is included in the contract amount that is available to pay for that item.
What is a unit price?
A unit price is a set cost per unit of work that is established in the bid. Unit prices are most often used when the exact quantity of work is undetermined, but the work itself can be clearly defined through drawings and specifications. For example, the bid form may request a price per linear foot for concrete piles. If the actual subsurface conditions vary form those anticipated and the piles have to be shorter or longer, then unit price amount can be used to adjust the contract sum appropriately. The anticipated quantity is included in the base bid; if the actual quantity is greater than or less than the anticipated amount, the contract price can be adjusted based on the unit cost proposed in the bid. This helps protect the owner from the contract has been awarded, and it protects the contractor from underbidding based on unanticipated increases in unit quantities.
What is value engineering?
This is the process used to analyze the project’s goals, proposed solutions, and budget to determine whether changes to the design might result in more value - or return on investment - to the project while complying with the original budget. Value engineering may be undertaken at any stage of design or construction but the earlier in the project that value engineering analysis is conducted, the greater the potential savings.