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Hydrometeorology > Precipitation > Flashcards

Precipitation Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water.

A

Condensation

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2
Q

The process by which water vaor in the air is changed into solid without becoming liquid.

A

Sublimation/Deposition

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3
Q

All forms of water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the earth’s surface.

A

Precipitation

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4
Q

The condensation into water droplest and sublimation into ice crytals of atmosphere water vapor generally occur around?

A

Condensation/Sublimation Nuclei

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5
Q

Principal types of nuclei?

A

Dusts, Ocean Salt, Products of combustion and oxides of nitrogen, Other particulate of matter (less than a micron in diameter)

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6
Q

The primary cause of condensation and hence, is responsible for most precipitation.

A

Adiabatic Cooling

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7
Q

Adiabatic Cooling results mainly from (blank) which results from a (blank)?

A

Expansion of air mass, Decrease in atmospheric pressure

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8
Q

Adiabatic cooling is triggered primary by the?

A

upward or vertical motion of air mass

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9
Q

The other cause of condensation or sublimation aside from adabatic cooling?

A

Mixing of air mass of varying temperatures, radiation cooling and contact cooling.

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10
Q

The (blank) process is when the cloud droplets collide and coalesce or stick together.

A

Collision - Coalescence

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11
Q

Forms of precipitation?

A

Rain, Snow, Drizzle, Glaze, Sleet, Hail, Graupel

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12
Q

Form of water drops of sizes larger than 0.5 mm

A

Rain

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13
Q

Light rain

A

2.4 mm/hr

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14
Q

Moderate Rain

A

2.5 - 7.5 mm/hr

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15
Q

Heavy Rain

A

> 7.5 mm/hr

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16
Q

Consists of ice crystal which usually combine to form flakes.

A

Snow

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17
Q

A fine sprinkle of numerous water droplets of size less than 0.5 mm and intensity less than 1 mm/hr.

A

Drizzle

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18
Q

When rain drizzle comes in contact with cold ground at around 0degC, the water drops freeze to form an ice coating.

A

Glaze

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19
Q

It is frozen raindrops of transparent grains which form when rain falls through air at subfreezing temperature.

A

Sleet

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20
Q

it is a showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or lumps of ice of size more than 8 mm.

A

Hail

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21
Q

Also called snow pellets or soft hail, as the (blank) particles are particularly fragile and generally disintegrate when handled.

A

Graupel

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22
Q

Types of Precipitation

A

Convection Precipitation, Orographic Precipitation, Cyclonic Precipitation

23
Q

Results from the differential heating of air masses near the ground surface resulting in the upward movement of warmer air masses.

A

Convection Precipitation

24
Q

Precipitation influenced by topography.

A

Orographic Precipitation

25
Q

Associated with the movement of air masses due to differences in barometric pressure.

A

Cyclonic Precipitation

26
Q

The mean annual rainfall of the Philippines varies from?

A

965 - 4,064 mm

27
Q

Receives the greatest amount of rainfall in the Ph?

A

Baguio City, Eastern Samar, Easrtern Surigao

28
Q

Receives the least amount of rainfall in the Ph?

A

Southern part of Cotabato

29
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in General Santos City in Cotabato?

A

978 mm

30
Q

The precipitation is collected and measured in a?

A

Rain Gauge

31
Q

(Blank) are sometimes referred to as rain gauge.

A

Pluviometer, Ombrometer, Hyetometer

32
Q

Classifications of rain gauges?

A

Non - recording gauges, and Recording Gauges

33
Q

Non - Recording Gauges

A

Symon’s Gauge, Standard 8-inch Rain Gauge

34
Q

Recording Gauges

A

Tipping-Bucket Type, Weighing-Busket Type, Natural-Siphon Type, Telemetering Rain Gauges, Radar Measurement of Rainfall

35
Q

The catch from the funnel falls onto one of a pair of small buckets.

A

Tipping-Bucket Type

36
Q

The catch from the funnel empties into a bucket mounted on a weighing scale. The weight of the bucket and its contents are recorded on a clockwork - driven chart.

A

Weighing-Busket Type

37
Q

Also known as float-type gauge. The rainfall is collected by a funnel-shaped collector led into a float chamber using a float to rise.

A

Natural-Siphon Type

38
Q

Recording type and contain an electronic units to transmit the data on rainfall to a base station both at regular intervals and on interrogation.

A

Telemetering Rain Gauges

39
Q

Ground-based radars send out pulses of microwave energy in narrow beams that scan in a circular pattern.

A

Radar Measurement of Rainfall

40
Q

In flat region of temeperate, Mediterranean and tropical zones

A

Ideal - 1 station for 600 - 900 sq.km, Acceptable - 1 station for 900 - 3000 sq.km

41
Q

In mountainous regions of temeperate, Mediterranean and tropical zones

A

Ideal - 1 station for 100 - 250 sq.km, Acceptable - 1 station for 25 - 1000 sq.km

42
Q

In arid and polar zones

A

1 station for 1500 - 10,000 sq.km depending on feasibility

43
Q

(Blank) of rain gauge stations should be equipped with self - recording gauges to know the rainfall intensities.

A

0.1

44
Q

Based on the principle that when recorded data comes from the same parent population, they are consistent.

A

Double - Mass Curve

45
Q

Test for consistency of record.

A

Double - Mass Curve

46
Q

Presentation of Rainfall Data

A

Mass Curve of Rainfall, Hyetograph, Point Rainfall, Moving Average,

47
Q

Plot of the accumulated precipitation against time, plotted in chronologica; order.

A

Mass Curve of Rainfall

48
Q

Plot of the intensity of rainfall against the time interval. It is derived from the mass curve and is usually represented in bar chart/graph.

A

Hyetograph

49
Q

Also known as station rainfall, refers to the rainfall data of a station. Graphically, these data are represented as plots of magnitude vs. chronological time in the form of bar diagram.

A

Point Rainfall

50
Q

A technique for smoothening out the high frequency fluctuations of a time series and to enable the trend, if any, to be noticed.

A

Moving Average

51
Q

Mean Precipitation Over an Area

A

Arithmetic Mean Method, Thiessen Polygon, Isohyetal Method

52
Q

This method is use when rainfall over a catchment show little to no variation.

A

Arithmetic Mean Method

53
Q

This method is use when the rainfall recorded at each station is given a weightage on the basis of an area closest to the station.

A

Thiessen Polygon

54
Q

This method is use when the area of two adjacent isohyets are determined and the average value of rainfall indicated by the two isohyets is assumed to be acting over the inter - isohyet area.

A

Isohyetal Method

Hydrometeorology (5 decks)

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