Preanesthetic Drugs Flashcards
Anticholinergic Drugs block the?
Effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
2 examples of Anticholinergic drugs?
Atropine & Glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate is likely to cross what barrier?
The placental barrier
Atropine & Glycopyrrolate effects?
Prevent slow heart rate
prevent excessive salivation
decrease Gi motility
cause mydriasis
cause bronchodilation
4 common tranquilizers and sedatives?
Phenothiazines
Benzodiazepines
Alpha 2 Agonists
Opioids
2 examples of Phenothiazines?
Acepromazine & Chlorpromazine
Phenothiazines effects?
CNS depression
Antiemetic
Antiarrhyrhmic
Peripheral Vasodilation/Hypotension
May lower serious threshold
Antihistamine effect
which breeds are sensitive to Acepromazine
Collies
Australian Shephers
Older Dogs
Large breed dogs like boxers
Acepromazine causes what in stallions?
Penile Prolapse
What are 3 examples of Benzodiazepines?
Diazepam
Midazolam
Zolazepam
Benzodiazepines effects
CNS depression
Anticonvulsant
Muscle Relaxant
Unreliable sedation if used alone
Diazepam solution is not?
Water soluble & compatible with other drugs
Diazepam must be given which route?
IV slowly
True/False: Diazepam is a controlled substance
True
Diazepam is reversible with what drug?
Flumazenil
3 examples of Alpha-2 Agonists
- xylazine
- detomidine
3 dexmedetomidine
Alpha-2 Agonists effect
•CNS depression
•Muscle relaxation
•Analgesia
•CV system depression
•Respiratory system depression
•Vomiting in dogs/cats
what species are sensitive to Alpha-2 Agonists?
Ruminants
Alpha-2 Agonists effects can be reversed with what drugs?
Atipamezole
Yohimbine
Opioids examples
morphine,
fentanyl,
hydromorphone,
oxymorphone,
meperedine,
buprenorphine,
butorphanol
Opioids effects
•CNS depression
•Analgesia
•Vomiting & defecation followed by constipation
•Respiratory depression at high doses
True/False: Animals may be easily startled by loud noises when administered Opioids
True
Opioids are most commonly used in?
Dogs
other species are more likely to exhibit CNS stimulation
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatories (NSAIDs)
•Used to provide pain relief during a surgical procedure
Common Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatories (NSAIDs)
•Carprofen (Rimadyl)
•Meloxicam (Metacam)
•Robenacoxib (Onsior)
Common Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatories (NSAIDs) have a potential risk for?
Nephrotoxicity
Antiemetics
•Prevent vomiting cause by opioid administration
•Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist– Cerenia
Antacids
•Prevent esophageal irritation associated with regurgitation during general anesthesia
•Proton pump inhibitors– Pantoprazole
