Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
Common injectable anesthetics used in vet med?
- Propofol
- Dissociative Anesthetics
- Alfaxalone
- Etomidate
- Guaifenesin
- Barbiturates
Propofol is most commonly used?
As an injectable induction agent or as a sole anesthetic agent in short produces in small animals but mainly dogs
True/False: Propofol is only available in injectable form
True
True/False: Propofol is a controlled drug
False - Propofol is NOT a controlled drug
Propofol must be given?
IV
Propofol is what type of drug consistency
A macroemulsion containing egg lecithin, glycerin, and soy bean oil giving it a white milky appearance
True/False: Most injectable medication that have a color tint are suppose to be given SQ or IM not IV
True. Propofol is the only exception.
First generation propofol must be thrown out after how many hours?
6 hours
Propofol is safe to be used in?
Dogs & Cats
Propofol 28 must be discarded after?
28 days
Propofol is highly?
lipophilic - Highly protein bound allowing the free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier
Hypoproteinemia
very low protein levels in the blood which allows more free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier making propofol anesthetic affects more pronounced
Propofol must be given?
IV slowly over 50 seconds
What is common upon propofol administration?
Muscle Tremors
Is propofol considered a heart safe drug?
No it causes decreased heart rate so it’s not recommended in cardiac disease patience
Propofol effects?
CNS depression
Respiratory depression
Cardiovascular depression
-Decreased heart rate
-Decreased blood pressure
Moderate muscle relaxation
Poor Analgesia
Transient excitation
-Paddling
-Muscle twitching
-Nystagmus
-Opisthotonos
Propofol benefits?
Gets metabolized very quickly allowing for repeated doses & CRI in seizure patients without concern for toxicity
Why does Propofol 28 have a longer self life?
it contains Benzoyl alcohol giving it a longer shelf life
What is the preferred induction agent for cesarean sections?
Propofol - it has the least chance of affecting the newborns respiratory system since it gets metabolized so quickly
What are the 2 common dissociative anesthetics used in vet med?
- Ketamine
- Tiletamine
What is a common induction agent for cats?
Ketamine
is ketamine safe for dogs?
Yes
Ketamine is considered a?
Dissociative anesthetic
Tiletamine is considered a?
Dissociative anesthetic
Dissociative anesthetics induce?
Catalepsy / Cataleptic
Catalepsy / Cataleptic
When the animal does not respond to external stimuli & exhibits muscle rigidity
Dissociative anesthetics effects
Eye open
Rigid Muscles
Swallowing & Laryngeal reflex may persist
May precipitate seizures
No visceral analgesia
Apneaustic respiration
No cardiovascular system depression
May increase salivary & respiratory secretions
Dissociative anesthetics should be used in combination with? & why?
Tranquilizers/Sedatives & Benzodiazepines &/or Alpha 2 Agonists. This allows for greater muscle relaxations.
Dissociative anesthetics are considered
A controlled substance
Dissociative anesthetics should be avoided
In use with animals with cranial trauma as it can increase cranial pressure
Dissociative anesthetics should be given slowly
False - You can give the entire dose with no concern since there is no cardiovascular depression
Will tissue irritation occur if dissociative anesthetics are given IM?
No - it does sting though
Dissociative anesthetics are metabolized by and excreted by?
Liver & kidney
What are the heart safe injectable anesthetics?
- Alfaxalone
- Etomidate
Alfaxalone get metabolized?
Quickly. Very short half life
Alfaxalone produces
Produces a rapid short lasting anesthetic effect with minimal side effects
True/False: Alfaxalone has less of a negative effect on the cardiovascular system
True
Is Alfaxalone safe to use as a sedative?
Yes - I can be used as a sort sedative drugs due to his short term effects but should be given IM if using for sedation
What is the preferred injectable anesthetic for heart murmur patients?
Alfaxalone
Alfaxalone is labeled for?
IV but can be given IM
Alfaxalone must be thrown out after?
6 hours
Alfaxalone multidose shelf life?
28 days
Is Alfaxalone a controlled substance?
Yes
Alfaxalone should be given?
IV slowly over 50 seconds
Etomidate is a?
Ultra short acting induction agent
Etomidate is commonly used in?
Animals with cardiovascular disease
Etomidate has minimal effects on?
The cardiovascular system
What is the injectable anesthetic drug of choice for animals with moderate to severe heart disease?
Etomidate
Etomidate may cause?
Pain at injection site, nausea, & vomiting
Etomidate is to be given?
IV
Is Etomidate commonly used?
No it’s expensive
Guaifenesin is considered an?
Injectable anesthetics - Muscle Relaxant
Guaifenesin is commonly used in?
Large Animals
* Horse the most common
Is Guaifenesin commonly used alone or in combination of other anesthetic agents?
Must be combined with other anesthetic agents for it to have any sedative or beneficial effect during an anesthetic procedure
Guaifenesin uses?
IV only
*CRI is an option
True/False: Guaifenesin is commonly used in small animals
False - Large animals only. Mainly horses
What are the common barbiturates used in vet med?
Ultra Short Acting Barbiturates:
1. Thiopental
2. Thiamylal
3. Methohexital
Other Barbiturates include:
1. Pentobarbital - Short Acting
2. Phenobarbital - Long Acting
What are the three common ultra short acting barbiturates used in vet med?
- Thiopental
- Thiamylal
- Methohexital
What is the most common short acting barbiturate used?
Pentobarbital
What is the most common long acting barbiturate used?
Phenobarbital
Barbiturates help which part of the anesthetic process?
Help produce excellent inductions
Barbiturates effects include
- Respiratory system depression
- Cardiovascular system depression
Barbiturates have negative effects on?
- Hypoproteinemic patients
- Acidotic animals
- Lean Animals
- Tissue irritation
