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VT 230 Anesthesiology > Injectable Anesthetics > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Common injectable anesthetics used in vet med?

A
  1. Propofol
  2. Dissociative Anesthetics
  3. Alfaxalone
  4. Etomidate
  5. Guaifenesin
  6. Barbiturates
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2
Q

Propofol is most commonly used?

A

As an injectable induction agent or as a sole anesthetic agent in short produces in small animals but mainly dogs

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3
Q

True/False: Propofol is only available in injectable form

A

True

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4
Q

True/False: Propofol is a controlled drug

A

False - Propofol is NOT a controlled drug

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5
Q

Propofol must be given?

A

IV

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6
Q

Propofol is what type of drug consistency

A

A macroemulsion containing egg lecithin, glycerin, and soy bean oil giving it a white milky appearance

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7
Q

True/False: Most injectable medication that have a color tint are suppose to be given SQ or IM not IV

A

True. Propofol is the only exception.

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8
Q

First generation propofol must be thrown out after how many hours?

A

6 hours

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9
Q

Propofol is safe to be used in?

A

Dogs & Cats

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10
Q

Propofol 28 must be discarded after?

A

28 days

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11
Q

Propofol is highly?

A

lipophilic - Highly protein bound allowing the free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier

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12
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

very low protein levels in the blood which allows more free molecules to penetrate the blood brain barrier making propofol anesthetic affects more pronounced

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13
Q

Propofol must be given?

A

IV slowly over 50 seconds

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14
Q

What is common upon propofol administration?

A

Muscle Tremors

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15
Q

Is propofol considered a heart safe drug?

A

No it causes decreased heart rate so it’s not recommended in cardiac disease patience

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16
Q

Propofol effects?

A

CNS depression
Respiratory depression
Cardiovascular depression
-Decreased heart rate
-Decreased blood pressure
Moderate muscle relaxation
Poor Analgesia
Transient excitation
-Paddling
-Muscle twitching
-Nystagmus
-Opisthotonos

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17
Q

Propofol benefits?

A

Gets metabolized very quickly allowing for repeated doses & CRI in seizure patients without concern for toxicity

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18
Q

Why does Propofol 28 have a longer self life?

A

it contains Benzoyl alcohol giving it a longer shelf life

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19
Q

What is the preferred induction agent for cesarean sections?

A

Propofol - it has the least chance of affecting the newborns respiratory system since it gets metabolized so quickly

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20
Q

What are the 2 common dissociative anesthetics used in vet med?

A
  1. Ketamine
  2. Tiletamine
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21
Q

What is a common induction agent for cats?

A

Ketamine

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22
Q

is ketamine safe for dogs?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Ketamine is considered a?

A

Dissociative anesthetic

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24
Q

Tiletamine is considered a?

A

Dissociative anesthetic

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25
Q

Dissociative anesthetics induce?

A

Catalepsy / Cataleptic

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26
Q

Catalepsy / Cataleptic

A

When the animal does not respond to external stimuli & exhibits muscle rigidity

27
Q

Dissociative anesthetics effects

A

Eye open
Rigid Muscles
Swallowing & Laryngeal reflex may persist
May precipitate seizures
No visceral analgesia
Apneaustic respiration
No cardiovascular system depression
May increase salivary & respiratory secretions

28
Q

Dissociative anesthetics should be used in combination with? & why?

A

Tranquilizers/Sedatives & Benzodiazepines &/or Alpha 2 Agonists. This allows for greater muscle relaxations.

29
Q

Dissociative anesthetics are considered

A

A controlled substance

30
Q

Dissociative anesthetics should be avoided

A

In use with animals with cranial trauma as it can increase cranial pressure

31
Q

Dissociative anesthetics should be given slowly

A

False - You can give the entire dose with no concern since there is no cardiovascular depression

32
Q

Will tissue irritation occur if dissociative anesthetics are given IM?

A

No - it does sting though

33
Q

Dissociative anesthetics are metabolized by and excreted by?

A

Liver & kidney

34
Q

What are the heart safe injectable anesthetics?

A
  1. Alfaxalone
  2. Etomidate
35
Q

Alfaxalone get metabolized?

A

Quickly. Very short half life

36
Q

Alfaxalone produces

A

Produces a rapid short lasting anesthetic effect with minimal side effects

37
Q

True/False: Alfaxalone has less of a negative effect on the cardiovascular system

A

True

38
Q

Is Alfaxalone safe to use as a sedative?

A

Yes - I can be used as a sort sedative drugs due to his short term effects but should be given IM if using for sedation

39
Q

What is the preferred injectable anesthetic for heart murmur patients?

A

Alfaxalone

40
Q

Alfaxalone is labeled for?

A

IV but can be given IM

41
Q

Alfaxalone must be thrown out after?

A

6 hours

42
Q

Alfaxalone multidose shelf life?

A

28 days

43
Q

Is Alfaxalone a controlled substance?

A

Yes

44
Q

Alfaxalone should be given?

A

IV slowly over 50 seconds

45
Q

Etomidate is a?

A

Ultra short acting induction agent

46
Q

Etomidate is commonly used in?

A

Animals with cardiovascular disease

47
Q

Etomidate has minimal effects on?

A

The cardiovascular system

48
Q

What is the injectable anesthetic drug of choice for animals with moderate to severe heart disease?

A

Etomidate

49
Q

Etomidate may cause?

A

Pain at injection site, nausea, & vomiting

50
Q

Etomidate is to be given?

A

IV

51
Q

Is Etomidate commonly used?

A

No it’s expensive

52
Q

Guaifenesin is considered an?

A

Injectable anesthetics - Muscle Relaxant

53
Q

Guaifenesin is commonly used in?

A

Large Animals
* Horse the most common

54
Q

Is Guaifenesin commonly used alone or in combination of other anesthetic agents?

A

Must be combined with other anesthetic agents for it to have any sedative or beneficial effect during an anesthetic procedure

55
Q

Guaifenesin uses?

A

IV only
*CRI is an option

56
Q

True/False: Guaifenesin is commonly used in small animals

A

False - Large animals only. Mainly horses

57
Q

What are the common barbiturates used in vet med?

A

Ultra Short Acting Barbiturates:
1. Thiopental
2. Thiamylal
3. Methohexital
Other Barbiturates include:
1. Pentobarbital - Short Acting
2. Phenobarbital - Long Acting

58
Q

What are the three common ultra short acting barbiturates used in vet med?

A
  1. Thiopental
  2. Thiamylal
  3. Methohexital
59
Q

What is the most common short acting barbiturate used?

A

Pentobarbital

60
Q

What is the most common long acting barbiturate used?

A

Phenobarbital

61
Q

Barbiturates help which part of the anesthetic process?

A

Help produce excellent inductions

62
Q

Barbiturates effects include

A
  1. Respiratory system depression
  2. Cardiovascular system depression
63
Q

Barbiturates have negative effects on?

A
  1. Hypoproteinemic patients
  2. Acidotic animals
  3. Lean Animals
  4. Tissue irritation

VT 230 Anesthesiology (14 decks)

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