Pre-Reading Flashcards
What is Matter made up from?
Atoms which then form elements
An ATOM is made up of 3 smaller particles what are they?
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
The Protons and Neutrons make up the centre of the ATOM what is this called?
Nucleus
What creates an electron cloud around the Nucleus?
Electrons moving very quickly.
According to the laws of physics…
Like electrical charges repel each other. Protons within a nucleus should repel each other.
Protons have what kind of an electrical charge?
Positive, represented with the mark of a “+”
What charge does a Neutron have?
No charge.
What do Neutrons help in the production of?
Strong force which opposes and overcomes the repulsion between the protons and binds the Nucleus together.
Electrons have what charge?
Negative and spin as they circle the nucleus a billion times per second
Electrons mass is so small that it is not?
Counted in an Atoms mass.
What BINDS the electron to the NUCLEUS?
The positive charge of the proton inside the nucleus binds the electron because of its negative charge - Unlike charges attract each other.
As electrons spin and move around the nucleus what do they produce?
Magnetic Fields, in most substances equal number of electrons spin in opposite directions creating low magnetic fields.
What causes a LARGER magnetic field
Electrons influencing each other to spin in the same direction reinforcing each other.
Why is the FUNDAMENTAL FORCE called ELECTROMAGNETIC?
Because of the attraction between positive and negative charges as well as the magnetic fields.
How is power and rotation produced in generators and Motors
Moving electrons(charges) and magnetic fields.
What makes the atoms of 2 different elements different from each other? eg: Helium and Nitrogen
The varying numbers of protons and neutrons in the atom give different characteristics.
Helium: 2 protons 2 neutrons, Hydrogen = 1 Proton
How many chemical elements are on the periodic table?
118
What is the memory aid sentence for resistors?
Black beetles running on your garden bring very good weather. 0-9
What tolerances are the Gold, Silver or No Colour bands of a resistor
Gold = +/- 5%, Silver = +/- 10%, No Colour = +/- 20%
Work or power in a circuit is when electrical energy gets converted into energy of another form, what are these?
Heat, light or rotation. The higher their power rating the more they convert.
The symbol for power is (P) and its unit of measurement is what?
Watts
How is P (Watts) Calculated?
P (Watts) = V (Volts) x I (Amps)
When is power ONLY present in an electrical circuit?
When BOTH Voltage and Current are present.
If a component converts above its rated Watts what will happen?
It will be destroyed
In a fraction what is the numerator and what is the denominator
Numerator is the top number of the fraction and the bottom is the denominator
What is the first principle about Voltage in regards to parallel circuits?
Voltage is the same across all components in the circuit.
What is the second principal of parallel circuits?
The total circuit current is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents
What is the Rule of parallels circuits, how do you calculate total current?
I total = I1 + I2 + I3
On a right angled triangle where is the hypotenuse?
Directly opposite the right angle and is always the longest side.
On a right angled question how do you identify the ADJACENT
The side between the right angle and the Angle given.
In a right angled triangle define the OPPOSITE
The side directly opposite the angle (not the right angle)
Within a periodic tables block what is in the upper left corner and what does it represent?
The Atomic Number, Number of protons with in a single atom.
In a periodic tables block what does that bottom number represent?
Elements atomic mass number, Average weight of as single atom (EG 1.008)
What determines an elements positioning on the periodic chart?
Their atomic number or how many protons they have.
How many electrons can the first shell of an electron shell hold?
Only 2 electrons
The outermost shell of an atom can hold a maximum of how many electrons?
8
What is the outermost electron shell referred to as and what is its role?
The valance shell, its electrons bond between atoms and electrical conductivity.
Atoms with a valance shell consisting of 5-8 electrons is considered a what?
Insulator or Inert
Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 4 electrons are considered?
Semi Conductors
Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 1-3 electrons are considered?
Conductors
Which flow directs electric charge from the positive side of the battery to the negative?
Conventional Flow Notation
When the electric charge moves from the negative to positive side of the battery what is this called?
Electron Flow Notation
What is the first principle of Series Circuits?
Current is the same through any component of the circuit, only 1 path for the electrons to flow in a circuit.
What is the SECOND principle of a SERIES circuit?
Total Resistance is equal to the individual resistors. Rt = R1 + R2 + R3
What is the THIRD principle of a SERIES circuit?
Supply Voltage is equal to the sum of all Voltage drops across each resistor.
What is the FIRST principle of a PARALLEL circuit?
Voltage is equal across all components of the circuit.
What is the SECOND principle of parallel circuits?
Total circuit current is equal to the sum of all individual branch currents. ( Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3)
What is the THIRD principle of a parallel circuit.
Resistance: Individual resistances diminish to equal a smaller total resistance rather than add to make the total.
Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 1-3 electrons are considered?
Conductors
Which direction do electrons actually flow in a circuit?
From Negative to Positive AKA Electron Flow Notation
What is the International System of Units and what is its abbreviation?
A standardized system of units for measuring electrical units of measurement, Abbreviated SI
