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B1-3 Electrical Fundamentals > Pre-Reading > Flashcards

Pre-Reading Flashcards

1
Q

What is Matter made up from?

A

Atoms which then form elements

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2
Q

An ATOM is made up of 3 smaller particles what are they?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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3
Q

The Protons and Neutrons make up the centre of the ATOM what is this called?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

What creates an electron cloud around the Nucleus?

A

Electrons moving very quickly.

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5
Q

According to the laws of physics…

A

Like electrical charges repel each other. Protons within a nucleus should repel each other.

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6
Q

Protons have what kind of an electrical charge?

A

Positive, represented with the mark of a “+”

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7
Q

What charge does a Neutron have?

A

No charge.

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8
Q

What do Neutrons help in the production of?

A

Strong force which opposes and overcomes the repulsion between the protons and binds the Nucleus together.

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9
Q

Electrons have what charge?

A

Negative and spin as they circle the nucleus a billion times per second

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10
Q

Electrons mass is so small that it is not?

A

Counted in an Atoms mass.

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11
Q

What BINDS the electron to the NUCLEUS?

A

The positive charge of the proton inside the nucleus binds the electron because of its negative charge - Unlike charges attract each other.

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12
Q

As electrons spin and move around the nucleus what do they produce?

A

Magnetic Fields, in most substances equal number of electrons spin in opposite directions creating low magnetic fields.

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13
Q

What causes a LARGER magnetic field

A

Electrons influencing each other to spin in the same direction reinforcing each other.

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14
Q

Why is the FUNDAMENTAL FORCE called ELECTROMAGNETIC?

A

Because of the attraction between positive and negative charges as well as the magnetic fields.

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15
Q

How is power and rotation produced in generators and Motors

A

Moving electrons(charges) and magnetic fields.

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16
Q

What makes the atoms of 2 different elements different from each other? eg: Helium and Nitrogen

A

The varying numbers of protons and neutrons in the atom give different characteristics.
Helium: 2 protons 2 neutrons, Hydrogen = 1 Proton

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17
Q

How many chemical elements are on the periodic table?

A

118

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18
Q

What is the memory aid sentence for resistors?

A

Black beetles running on your garden bring very good weather. 0-9

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19
Q

What tolerances are the Gold, Silver or No Colour bands of a resistor

A

Gold = +/- 5%, Silver = +/- 10%, No Colour = +/- 20%

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20
Q

Work or power in a circuit is when electrical energy gets converted into energy of another form, what are these?

A

Heat, light or rotation. The higher their power rating the more they convert.

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21
Q

The symbol for power is (P) and its unit of measurement is what?

A

Watts

22
Q

How is P (Watts) Calculated?

A

P (Watts) = V (Volts) x I (Amps)

23
Q

When is power ONLY present in an electrical circuit?

A

When BOTH Voltage and Current are present.

24
Q

If a component converts above its rated Watts what will happen?

A

It will be destroyed

25
Q

In a fraction what is the numerator and what is the denominator

A

Numerator is the top number of the fraction and the bottom is the denominator

26
Q

What is the first principle about Voltage in regards to parallel circuits?

A

Voltage is the same across all components in the circuit.

27
Q

What is the second principal of parallel circuits?

A

The total circuit current is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents

28
Q

What is the Rule of parallels circuits, how do you calculate total current?

A

I total = I1 + I2 + I3

29
Q

On a right angled triangle where is the hypotenuse?

A

Directly opposite the right angle and is always the longest side.

30
Q

On a right angled question how do you identify the ADJACENT

A

The side between the right angle and the Angle given.

31
Q

In a right angled triangle define the OPPOSITE

A

The side directly opposite the angle (not the right angle)

32
Q

Within a periodic tables block what is in the upper left corner and what does it represent?

A

The Atomic Number, Number of protons with in a single atom.

33
Q

In a periodic tables block what does that bottom number represent?

A

Elements atomic mass number, Average weight of as single atom (EG 1.008)

34
Q

What determines an elements positioning on the periodic chart?

A

Their atomic number or how many protons they have.

35
Q

How many electrons can the first shell of an electron shell hold?

A

Only 2 electrons

36
Q

The outermost shell of an atom can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

A

8

37
Q

What is the outermost electron shell referred to as and what is its role?

A

The valance shell, its electrons bond between atoms and electrical conductivity.

38
Q

Atoms with a valance shell consisting of 5-8 electrons is considered a what?

A

Insulator or Inert

39
Q

Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 4 electrons are considered?

A

Semi Conductors

40
Q

Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 1-3 electrons are considered?

A

Conductors

41
Q

Which flow directs electric charge from the positive side of the battery to the negative?

A

Conventional Flow Notation

42
Q

When the electric charge moves from the negative to positive side of the battery what is this called?

A

Electron Flow Notation

43
Q

What is the first principle of Series Circuits?

A

Current is the same through any component of the circuit, only 1 path for the electrons to flow in a circuit.

44
Q

What is the SECOND principle of a SERIES circuit?

A

Total Resistance is equal to the individual resistors. Rt = R1 + R2 + R3

45
Q

What is the THIRD principle of a SERIES circuit?

A

Supply Voltage is equal to the sum of all Voltage drops across each resistor.

46
Q

What is the FIRST principle of a PARALLEL circuit?

A

Voltage is equal across all components of the circuit.

47
Q

What is the SECOND principle of parallel circuits?

A

Total circuit current is equal to the sum of all individual branch currents. ( Itotal = I1 + I2 + I3)

48
Q

What is the THIRD principle of a parallel circuit.

A

Resistance: Individual resistances diminish to equal a smaller total resistance rather than add to make the total.

49
Q

Atoms with a Valance shell consisting of 1-3 electrons are considered?

A

Conductors

50
Q

Which direction do electrons actually flow in a circuit?

A

From Negative to Positive AKA Electron Flow Notation

51
Q

What is the International System of Units and what is its abbreviation?

A

A standardized system of units for measuring electrical units of measurement, Abbreviated SI

B1-3 Electrical Fundamentals (16 decks)

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