Pre-Practice Considerations

Question 1

Pre-Practice Considerations

Answer 1

1) Motivation
2) Verbal instructions
3) Modeling
4) Sensory & perceptual pre-training

Question 2

Motivation

Answer 2

• Learner perceives task as meaningful or personally valuable
• Goals should be moderately difficult in order to encourage “rising” to meet the goals, but not too difficult so that learner quits trying

Question 3

Verbal Instructions

Answer 3

emphasize speed = fastest
emphasize accuracy = most accurate
emphasize speed and accuracy = intermediate values of speed and accuracy

ex) “Hoooooooollllllddddd” for isometric
ex) “Push” for ballistic or concentric

Question 4

Modeling

Answer 4

-Demonstrate the skill so the learner can directly observe the elements of the action

Question 5

Expert vs. Peer/ Learning Model

Answer 5

(Evidence not clearly in favor one way or the other)

Question 6

Peer/ Learning Model

Answer 6

• good to observe mistakes and how model corrected

- must obtain the model’s KR and see how the model changed the subsequent trial due to that KR

Question 7

Expert Model

Answer 7

-Repeated observance of flawless performance

Question 8

Sensory Pre-training

Answer 8

-Proprioception: “feel” of the correct movement
Ex) patients hold heavy and light objects and produce matching grip forces

-Sensation: “sensory” estimate
Ex) reaching across a table, can drag fingertips across a table

Question 9

Perceptual Pre-training

Answer 9

-Setting up a task to enhance perception
Ex) white dishes on black tablecloth

-Evaluating and verbalizing physical features of objects prior to reaching
Ex) heavy and light objects
big and small objects