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Nur 408: Geriatric Nursing > Pre - midterm > Flashcards

Pre - midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What are effective ways for managing urge and stress incontinence?

A

Kegel exercises

Bladder training exercises

Incontinence diary

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2
Q

Men are unlikely to have overflow and urge incontinence.

True / False

A

False - women are more likely to have overflow and urge incontinence.

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3
Q

Women are more likely to have urge and stress incontinence.

True / False

A

True

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4
Q

Acute changes in continence are often caused by:
Underlying medical conditions (infection, hypoglycemia) and the incontinence may be reversible.

True / False

A

True

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5
Q

Maintaining continence requires more than intact urinary function; it also requires mobility, motivation, proper access to facilities and relatively intact function.

True / False

A

True

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for Falls in older people?

A
  1. Age-related changes in:
    Vision
    Hearing
    Proprioception ( aka kinesthesia: is the body’s ability to sense movement, action, & location)
    Muscle activation (delayed onset of compensatory activation in response to postural changes)
    Blood pressure (reduced compensatory response to postural changes).
  2. Age › 80 years
    Cognitive impairment
    Depression
    Functional impairment (measured by changes in activities of daily living)
    Visual impairment
    History of falls
    Gait or balance deficit
  3. Use of assistive device
    Arthritis
    Leg weakness
    Orthostatic hypotension
    Psychotropic or sedative drug use
    Frequent fear of falling
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7
Q

Falls are not common in the elderly and can’t result in serious or fatal injuries; most falls aren’t multifactorial in nature and can’t be prevented.

True / False

A

False

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8
Q

Physical restraints are not necessary to reduce the risk of future falls. They are likely to increase the risk of injury and should be avoided.

True / False

A

True

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9
Q

In a patient who falls, sedating medications should be minimized or eliminated.

True / False

A

True

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10
Q

Assessment Programs include tests that are grouped into three categories. What are they?

A
  1. Tests examining general physical health: 6 maneuvers task (function tested).
  2. Tests measuring the ability to perform basic self care (ADLs): Cognitive assessment - Mini-mental state.
  3. Tests measuring ability to perform more complex activities (IADLs) reflecting the ability to live independently in the community: Motivation - Assess depression (single question: “Do you often feel sad or depressed”).
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11
Q

Mobility, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, continence, eating are activities of?

A

Activities of Daily Living ( ADL)

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12
Q

Using telephone, driving, using public transportation, shopping, preparing meals, housework, taking medicine & managing money are activities of?

A

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

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13
Q

The severity of the disability may be measured in terms of whether a person:

A

Does not perform the activity at all
Can only perform the activity with the help of another person
Can perform the activity with the help of special equipment

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14
Q

Who Needs Assessments?

A

Recent development of physical or cognitive impairments
Patients with fragmented specialty medical care
Evaluating patient competency/capacity
Dealing with medico-legal issues

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15
Q

What is Geriatric Assessment?

A

It is a a multidimensional, multidisciplinary assessment designed to evaluate an older person’s functional ability, physical health, cognition and mental health, and socio- environmental circumstances.

It is usually initiated when the physician identifies a potential problem in terms of:

Functional capabilities
Disabilities
Medical & Psychological characteristics
Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)

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16
Q

Physiological age may or may not coincide with chronological age.

True / False

A

True

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17
Q

Physiological age depends on:

A

Physiologic competence - good to optimal function of all body systems.

Health status: absence of disease

18
Q

List down the nursing diagnosis based on nursing care of a geriatric patient.

A

Risk for loneliness
Altered dentition
Risk for falls
Knowledge deficit
Confusion
Sexual dysfunction
Wandering

19
Q

What is the role of the nurse in promoting health to geriatric patients?

A

Nutrition
Exercise
Immunizations
Annual Physicals
Medications

20
Q

What are the common health problems of geriatric patients?

A

Heart disease, cancer, stroke
Poly-Pharmacy
Accidents, falls
Arthritis
Chronic illness
Elder Abuse

21
Q

Cognitive Changes (Abnormal Aging)

A

Confusion
Alzheimer’s disease
Sundowning syndrome
The 3 D’s:
1. Dementia Severe cognitive loss & memory loss
2. Depression
3. Delirium

22
Q

Cognitive Changes

A

Ability to perceive and understand one’s world
Mild short term memory loss
Long term memory remains intact
Slower responses and reactions

23
Q

Special Senses Changes

A

Diminished vision
Night blindness
Diminished hearing
Decreased taste & smell

24
Q

Theories about Sun downing (a state of confusion occurring in the late afternoon and lasting into the night):

A

Person can’t see well in dimming light
Hormone imbalances r/t biological clock
Person tired @ end of day; decreased coping
Restlessness because daytime activities are decreasing
Caregivers communicate their own fatigue & stress to clients

25
Q

Adjusting to Changes of Aging

A

Rest more
Curtail driving
Cane/walker for mobility
Diet/nutritional changes
Ageism

26
Q

Adjusting – Older Adult is making many psychosocial adjustments:

A

Retirement
Reduced income
Spouse’s health
Social roles
Living arrangements
Role reversal

27
Q

Health is defined in the WHO constitution of 1948 as:

A

A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

28
Q

Health for an older adults is:

A

The ability to live and function effectively in a society and to exercise self-reliance and autonomy to the maximum extent feasible, but not necessarily as total freedom from disease.

Health for an older adults is a interaction of physiological, psychosocial functional factors.

29
Q

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.

A

Health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over & improve their health by developing their resources to maintain or enhance well being. Health promoting is an action for health using knowledge, communication & understanding

30
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Generalized behavior that prevent a specific disease.
Nutrition and Hydration
Exercise

31
Q

Tertiary Prevention :

A

Restoration

32
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Early diagnosis and intervention to halt the progress of disease.
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Cancer

33
Q

Three key characteristics to maintain a successful aging:

A

A low risk of disease and disease related disability
High mental and physical function
Active engagement in life.

34
Q

Health promotion efforts include:

A

Increasing awareness of health issues
Promoting healthier behaviors
Creating supportive environments
Developing preventive strategies
Encouraging early detection and treatment
Reduce risk of developing chronic conditions
Reduce the damage or limitations that result from an already existing chronic condition
It’s never too early and it’s never too late to start healthy habits

35
Q

Objectives of health promotion

A

Increase quality and years of healthy life
Maintain function
Eliminate health disparities.
Improve (enhance) quality of life
Extend life expectancy → ↓ premature mortality caused by chronic & acute diseases

36
Q

Component of health promotion

A

Exercise
Nutrition
Rest & sleep
Periodic medical check up
High risk behavior
Spiritual well-being
Psychosocial well-being

37
Q

What can we do to promote health?

A

Stop smoking
Get active
Eat a healthy diet
See a doctor regularly
Get immunized
Get screened

38
Q

Physical benefits of exercise

A

Improve cardiovascular capacity (by↑ blood flow—– keep tissue healthy
Control blood sugar

39
Q

Lack of activity and poor diet are second cause of premature death. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to many chronic diseases including:

A

Heart disease
Cancer
Hypertension
Obesity
Lipid Abnormalities
Diabetes
Depression
Osteoporosis
Stroke

40
Q

Overcoming Barriers to Good Nutrition

A

Chewing problems – Try juices, canned fruits, creamed or mashed vegetables, ground meats, eggs, cooked cereals
Difficulty shopping – Look into grocery delivery or shopping services, ask friends, family, church members for help
Difficulty cooking – Try microwaveable meals, group dining programs

41
Q

Regular check-ups should include:

A

Dental, vision and hearing checks

Nur 408: Geriatric Nursing (3 decks)

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