Post - midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Types Of Elderly Abuse
A
Physical abuse
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse
Financial abuse
Healthcare Fraud abuse
Psychological abuse
Neglect (intentional or unintentional).
2
Q
What are the factors as to why elderly people might not report
or admit abuse?
A
- Denial
- Fear of retaliation
- Fear of being placed in a nursing home.
- Fear that the care provider (usually a
family member) will get in trouble. - Poor self-esteem and feeling that the abuse is deserved.
- Embarrassment and shame over being abused.
- Not having knowledge of available resources.
3
Q
Management of Elder Abuse
A
- Assessment of general quality of care.
- Assessment of abusers for their problems.
- Counselling the abusers.
- Continued contact with a trusted family physician (this can enhance the intervention process significantly).
- Treat medical, traumatic, and psychological issues that are severe.
- Provide a safe atmosphere for the victim to ensure patient safety.
- Elder Abuse Education Programs for elderly people who have been abused.
- Adult protective services, emergency shelters & temporary
residential services are examples of such services.
4
Q
Victims / Risk Factors
A
- Functionally impaired
- Loneliness
- A female of very advanced age
- A person suffering from physical or mental impairment and dependent on the caretakers for most of his or her needs.
- Poor health
- Low income
- History of mental illness or domestic violence.
5
Q
The common abusers:
A
- Factors
- Son and daughter-in-law
- Spouse
- Children
- Healthcare providers
6
Q
Mistreatment of older people is referred to as:
A
Older abuse
7
Q
- It is a syndrome due to a disease of the brain, usually of a chronic/ progressive nature, in which there is a disturbance of
multiple cortical functions, calculation, learning capacity, language & judgment. - It’s a general term used to describe a global impairment in
cognitive functioning that is usually progressive and interferes with
normal social, occupational activities & activities of daily living (ADLs). - It mostly
affects older adults & it is NOT
a part of normal aging. - It is a clinical term used to describe a complex syndrome or disorder (it is not a diagnosis).
A
Dementia
8
Q
What causes Dementia?
A
- AD accounts for more than half of all dementias.
- Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of dementia.
- Other causes of dementia are Parkinson’s disease, Lupus, Multiple sclerosis, Closed head injury, Huntington’s disease & Pick’s disease.
9
Q
What are the risk factors that increase dementia:
A
- Age (most cases affecting those 65 years and older).
- Family history
- Race/ethnicity (older African Americans are twice as likely to have dementia than whites. Hispanics are 1.5 times more likely to have dementia than whites.
- Poor heart health (high blood pressure, high cholesterol & smoking).
- Traumatic brain injury (head injuries).
10
Q
What are the types of Dementia?
A
- Alzheimer’s Disease (gradual memory loss and decline, a change in previous personality, disorientation, a significant loss of language skills & tasks that have been routine for years).
- Lewy body dementia (the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease.) Protein deposits called Lewy bodies develop in nerve cells in the brain. The protein deposits affect brain regions involved in thinking, memory and movement).
- Mixed dementia (more than one type of dementia is present in the brain at the same time, especially in people aged 80 and older).
- Vascular dementia (changes to memory, thinking, and behavior resulting from conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain).
- Frontal-temporal dementia (often leads to changes in personality and behavior because of the part of the brain it affects).
11
Q
- Affects more men than women.
- Risk factors are hypertension, diabetes & high cholesterol.
- Symptoms vary depending on the area and size of the brain impacted. Symptoms will suddenly get worse as the individual gets more strokes or mini strokes.
- Brain pathology in cortical dementia usually affects cognitive functions that are located at the outer layer of the brain (cortex) are referred to as
amnesia, aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia.
A
Vascular dementia
12
Q
Cognitive functions that are located at the outer layer of the brain (cortex) are known as:
A
- Amnesia: loss in memory capacity, usually related to the memory of events.
- Aphasia: language impairment.
- Apraxia: inability to perform purposeful movements, especially of learned motor skills.
- Agnosia: affects the ability to recognize familiar objects. The best example of these impairments when describing dementia is AD.
13
Q
Early symptoms of dementia:
A
- Changes in mood or personality Impaired judgment & problem-solving.
- Confusion about a place (gets lost driving to the store).
- Confusion about time.
- Difficulty with numbers, money, and bills.
- Mild anomia withdrawal or depression.
14
Q
Mild symptoms of dementia:
A
- Impaired recent and remote memory.
- Severely impaired judgment and problem-solving.
- Confusion about time and place worsen.
- Perceptual disturbances.
- Loss of impulse control
- Anxiety, restlessness wandering, and perseveration.
- Delusions, or hallucinations.
- Greatly impaired self-care abilities.
- Sleep-wake cycle disturbance
15
Q
Late symptoms of dementia:
A
- Severe impairment of all cognitive abilities.
- Inability to recognize family and friends.
- Severely impaired communication (may grunt, moan, or mumble).
- Little capacity for self-care.
- Bowel and bladder incontinence.
- Decreased appetite (dysphasia and risk for aspiration).
- Immune system depression that leads to increased risk for infections.
- Impaired mobility with loss of ability to walk, rigid muscles, and paratonia
- Withdrawal
- Disturbed sleep-wake cycle, increased sleeping time.
