Pre Midter

Question 1

Who Model of disability

Answer 1

ICF: international classification of functioning disability and health
Functioning: umbrella term for all body functions activities and participation
Disability: Umberella term for all impairment, activity limitations and participation restrictions

WHO: World health organization
-Aim is to have a bio-phsycosocial model that intergrates the medical and social model together

Question 2

Self Determined if

Answer 2

Autonomy: act freely without pressure
self regulation: decided how to act, acts out decision, evaluates outcomes, reacts to outcome and modifies behaviour accordingly
physiological empowerment: elements of percieved control such as, cognitive, personality and motivational domains
Self Realizing: strong awareness of their own strength and weaknesses, self awareness comes with experience

Question 3

Basic Principles of APA (and life)

Answer 3

1. include the person experiencing disability in making decisions
2. give individuals choice
3. partial participation is perferred over not participating
4. people living with impairment shhould be offered same variety of sports games, rec activities as peers
5. community based activities should be taught in the community whenever possible.

Question 4

Interdependence

Answer 4

• focus on capacities rather then deficits, driven by the person and promotes sytem change rather than the individual.
• All about the relationship, togetherness, intertwined

Help Should be

1. initiated by the person in need of help
2. offer to help should not be patronizing
3. the help asks before assisting then waits until the offer is accepted
4. supervision of help is listened to and honoured
5. helper does not persist if help is unnecessary
6. only offer help if willing to be turned down

Question 5

Dependance

Answer 5

helplessness, a state of need, incopetence and functional incapacity

Question 6

Independant

Answer 6

Self regulation, control, ability or opportunity to make choices about ones life

clapton says if we value independence of being human then we risk human beings

Question 7

Imapirment types and onset

Answer 7

-Physical, sensory, learning, communication, behavioral, developmental

Onset: Congenital, Acquired

Question 8

Inclusion & integration

Answer 8

Inclusion: social acceptance, belonging, sense of fitting in
Integration: Proximity

Question 9

Assumtions

Answer 9

• act of instantly accepting without proof
• something deemed to be true without supporting evidence
• grounded in attitudes and beliefs
• assumptions and beliefs grounded in experience and fear
• assumptions, attitudes and beliefs grounded in history

Question 10

Paradigm (Disability paradigm)

Answer 10

• paridigm of the world is a basic set of beliefs or philosophical assumptions that guide an individuals inquires
• defines for its holder “the nature of the world, the individuals place in it, and the range of possible relationships to that world
• disability paradigms: religeous, medical, eugenic, charitable, social, minority, admin privilege

Question 11

4 paradigms of apa

Answer 11

Faculty based: institutions, residential programs, special school

• restricting interaction with society
• corretctive therapy

Service based: 1950’s increase awareness and concern for institutions

• ww11 veterans acess to rehab/employment
• benefits for physical activity for persons with impairment
• skills to re-intergrate in society

support based inclusion: shift to not be seperate program

• istructional strategies
• all welcome, inclusive setting

Empowerment/self determination: previous models purported expert incharge
-shifting disability as defective (medical) to disability as different (social minority)

Question 12

Defining APA

Answer 12

Adapted Physical Activity

• to enhance learning, practice, enjoyment of independant physical activity
• The adaptation should enhance choice and opportunity, leading people to become empowered

Question 13

What should you look for in a program?

Answer 13

Variety: all exercise domains, keep participant motivated
social environment: ages, experience level, competitive or rec
safety (physical/emotional): physical ability considered, knowlegable instructors
Adapted equipment: assistive devises, pool lifts

Question 14

Elements of self determined behaviour

Answer 14

• choice making
• internal locus of control
• decision making
• self efficiency, persons belief in ability to change the world
• problem solving
• self awareness, knowing what youre thinking/feeling
• goal setting and attainment
• self knowledge, knowing what youre thinking or feeling that way
• self observation, evaluation and reinforcement

Question 15

social Model

Answer 15

• Proposed 1975 by union of physically impaired against segregation (UPIAS)
• rejected charitable status, rejected experts
• UPIAS believed that political change was essential for advancement of disabled people

-disability is not located in the body, it is in the physcical, administrative and social barriers that people experience to limin their participation in life

Question 16

Religeous model

Answer 16

disability seen as a result of evil spirits, whitchcraft, the devil or gods displeasure

• disability is associated with demonization and victimization, people were ill treated and unfavourably described
• OR people with disability are seen as an opportunity for people to respond with kindness
• not necissarily looking and veiwing them as people

Question 17

Medical Model

Answer 17

Disability locate in the body

• cause of bodily difference must be diagnosed
• bodily difference can then be cured
• dissability is an individual problem and above all else, tragic
• doctors and technology hold all hope for correcting disability
• The doctors are the experts, not the people of their own bodies

Question 18

Eugenic model

Answer 18

• what is normal
• normal enters around 1840, adolph quelet , mathmetician astronomer, statistitian.
• law of error - average man middle class
• eugenics aims to eliminate disability, and others at the bottom of the bell curve, anyone not seen as normal
• passive eugenics, locking people up keeping them out of the gene pool
• active eugenics involves sterilization in alberta 1928-72

Question 19

Economic model

Answer 19

Concept of disability is about the result of a political conflict about disruptive criteria and appropriate recipiants of social aid.

• AISH assured income for the severly handicapt
• also called administrative priveledge model
• wealth distributed through eithe a work based system or a needs based system
• Disability is an adminestrative category in the needs based system
• early 20th century disability insurance starts to appear
• workhouse test validating disability

Question 20

Charitable Model Disability

Answer 20

• Draws upon religeous, medical and eugenic model
• disability is tragic and is an opportunity for able bodied people to become and be better people (Religeous and medical)
• organizations are focused around specific diagnosis (medical)
• often funding research to eliminate disability is priority (medical, eugenic)

Question 21

APA’s Role

Answer 21

• many orginizations, charities or non profit
• often run and employed by able bodied people
• Benifit: more easily access funding
• Dangers: do not know feelings and need of disabled people