Discussion Questions

Question 1

How does spence-cavaliere & watkinson define inclusion

Answer 1

Sense of

• belonging
• acceptance
• value

Question 2

How did the children in spence-cavaliere & watkinson study define inclusion

Answer 2

sense of

• importance
• percieved competence
• value in activity

Question 3

How does pensgaard and sorensen define empowerment? three levels of empowerment?

Answer 3

• suggests a belief in the power of the people to both the masters of their own fate and life in communities.
• societal
• group
• individual

Question 4

Main critique of empowerment?

Answer 4

concept is too vague and unspecific to be a serious theoretical approach

Question 5

Two achievement goals in pensgaard and sorensen article

Answer 5

• develop and demonstrate competence
• two forms are TASK (demonstrate improvement in mastery of task, success self referenced) and EGO ( demonstrate superiority and competence compared to others, success other referenced)

Question 6

How do pensgaard and sorensen define self efficiency?

Answer 6

belief that individual can execute a certain action that will lead to a certain outcome (confidence, believing in yourself)

Question 7

How do pesgaard and sorensen define empowered groups?

Answer 7

• high degree of participation of individuals with decision making, identification with other group members, social support, sharing info, knowledge, collective resources

Question 8

Who does the emphasis on guttman as the father of the paralympic movement erase?

Answer 8

downplays the importance of deaf communities, schools for the blind, and stoke manville hospital

Question 9

what role does tragedy play in the origin story of the paralympics?

Answer 9

• benefits guttman, individuals portrayed as completely tragic and without hope. these individuals in the paralympics have to overcome tragedy.

Question 10

how does the paralympic movement position sport in developing countries

Answer 10

• where economic, social and structural trimmings are still being denied to millions of people with disability, so called developed world

Question 11

What does the prominence of volunteers in the narratives of the paralympics do?

Answer 11

Thousands sacrifice, no mention of participants sacrifice, institutions create disempowerment.
- Represents paralympians not as athletes, but as “those with disability” require and inspire “tremendous sacrifice”

Question 12

How does steward respond to athletes protests at the 1966 atlanta paralympics?

Answer 12

• you have provided great entertainment and some great thrills for us; lets not spoil that and put a black mark against yourself in these games
• steward constructs these leaders as more objects of entertainment, while threatening them with consequence of further resistance

Question 13

What are the (unintended) effects of classification that peers identifies?

Answer 13

• creates objectified categories of disability, objectify individuals of having disability
• places athletes in categories where they may not be competitive
• deeming an athlete too able to compete

Question 14

how does rimmer define secondary conditions?

Answer 14

• secondary conditions are adverse health outcomes that are acquired at a later time in persons life and directly or indirectly associated with the primary disability

Question 15

what 4 things does rimmer believe health care professionals should identify to increase participation in physical activity?

Answer 15

1. learning and applying knowledge
2. communication
3. mobility
4. self care

Question 16

How does rimmer and ICF define activities

Answer 16

• activities are the execution of tasks or actions by an individual

Question 17

How does rimmer and ICF define activity limitations

Answer 17

activity limitations are difficulty in executing activities

Question 18

How does rimmer and ICF define participation

Answer 18

participation is involvement in a life situation

Question 19

How does rimmer and ICF define participation restrictions

Answer 19

participation restrictions are problems an individual encounters in life situations

Question 20

What are 5 environmental factors rimmer identifies?

Answer 20

1. products and technology
2. natural environment and human changes to environment
3. support and relationships
4. attitudes
5. services, systems, politics

Question 21

What are personal factors?

Answer 21

ICF does not include listing of personal factors, large and diverse cultural and social differences among people

health professionals define factors: age, gender, self consciousness about group exercise, self efficiency, motivational level, health status.

Question 22

Some reasons people may feel excluded from group exercise classes?

Answer 22

• Gender, body weight, body shape, clothing, coordination

- being viewed outside of instructors scope.

Question 23

augers 3 recommendations for creating an inclusive group exercise program?

Answer 23

1. community partnerships
2. instructor knowledge
3. creating sense of community

Question 24

augers 4 recommendations for launching inclusive group exercise classes?

Answer 24

1. talk to members of facility who experience disability
2. consider logistics of the class for participants experiencing disability
3. encourage instructor to take training
4. encourage instructor to learn from their participants

Question 25

what are two critiques for minority research that macbeth quotes from Zinn

Answer 25

conceptual: emphasizing that inappropriate assumptions and frameworks have produced distorted accounts of minority group life.
Political: Stressing that the relationship between social research and the people that they study have been unequal at best and exploitive at worst. minority people receive nothing for time and info they provide.

Question 26

disabled researchers as insiders and non disabled researchers as outsiders a simplification of the complexities doing disability research

Answer 26

-Alienation researchers who are non-disabled allies is counter productive and does not aid the disability movement clause

Question 27

Why is there a push for reflexivity in disability research?

Answer 27

• reflexive accounts expose some relationships between the position of the research and the research culture being investigated.
• reflexivity is important in assessing how such power relations can influence research findings.

Question 28

what is required for disability research to become emancipatory

Answer 28

• prioritize needs of disability organizations and disabled people.

Question 29

How do we define relational ethics

Answer 29

• speaks to the value of the community and of relationships that have been undervalued
• High regard on building relationships and what they mean to our actions as professionals and clinicians

Question 30

What are the 4 tenants of relational ethics

Answer 30

1. mutual respect (self and others)
2. engaged interactions (true presence, empathy)
3. embodiment (interconnectedness of feeling body and thinking mind)
4. environment (network community)

Question 31

What is the definition of a dignified self?

Answer 31

• individual personal boundaries, containing positive self beliefs, ideals of self and how one likes to be viewed by others
• Experience positive perspective of capabilities and competencies can be effectively applied. e
• experience of dignity influenced by social, environmental contexts and experiences.

Question 32

what are four types of dignity that Nordenfelt identifies?

Answer 32

1. Dignity of Merit
2. Dignity of identity
3. dignity of moral structure
4. universal human dignity ( Menschenwurde)

Question 33

What are reasons that the stranger may have humiliated jack?

Answer 33

• denied jack status as a person
• use of strong humila=iation and criticism
• keith questioned professionally sacrificed his and jacks identity, as he did not advocate for jack
• Keith was acquiesced, he would do something next time.