Pre-Lab Flashcards
Which hold does the middle meningeal artery enter thru?
foramen spinosum
Aside from supplying the meninges, what else does the middle meningeal artery supply?
the bone
Where is the easiest place to damage the middle meningeal artery?
the pterion b/c here the bones are quite thin.
What is the pterion?
this is a thin meeting point of 4 bones: frontal parietal temporal sphenoid
Rupturing the middle meningeal artery will result in what?
epidural hematoma
An epidural hematoma is a ___________. This increases intracranial pressure–>to at least the systolic pressure of the arterial system.
space occupying lesion
If the pressure from an epidural hematoma is high enough, a portion of the temporal lobe will be squeezed underneath the ________. Which nerves are compressed?
tentorium cerebelli. Not a good situation.
CN3. If you have the pt look @ you–>the expression of the eye will look lateral (lateral rectus is working b/c innervated by abducens, but some other muscles not working.)
Aside from a lateral looking eye, what else can tip you off that there might be an epidural hematoma?
some pupil dilation b/c of messed up parasympathetics.
What about the babinski sign w/ an epidural hematoma?
this reflex will be messed up b/c of corticospinal pathways
What is the shape of the hematoma when a pt has an epidural hematoma?
lentiform or lenticular
T/F Talk & Die Syndrome is associated w/ subdural hematoma.
F we have talked about this w/ an epidural hematoma.
Subdural hematoma has to do with _____ drainage.
venous drainage
this hematoma creates a subdural space where there was none.
this can be acute or chronic–>can appear 4 of 5 years later after bumping the head.
What happens in a blow out fracture?
you punch the eye & the eye is forced down thru the inferior floor of the orbit into the maxilla
**it causes hemorrhage into the maxillary sink & displacement of the orbital structures into the maxillary sinus
What are some of the terrible things that can happen w/ a blow out fracture of the orbit?
airway obstruction infection displacement of maxillary teeth dislocate the lens hemorrhage & rupture of globe retinal detachment **can cause blindness
Which eye will be higher: normal eye or blow out eye?
normal eye
Can you look upward with blow out eye?
maybe no b/c of entrapment of the tissue in a fracture defect
What is the normal intraocular pressure?
12–22 mmHg
Over this is considered increased introcular pressure
**this is what happens w/ glaucoma & can cause loss of vision
What are the 2 types of glaucoma? Which is more dangerous?
narrow angle/angle closure glaucoma**more dangerous
Open angle glaucoma
Which type of glaucoma is frequent when you have diabetes?
open angle glaucoma
Why can’t you give ppl meds that dilate the pupil when they have closed angle glaucoma?
b/c the more the iris is dilated–>the more the canal of Schlemm is blocked
**this type of glaucoma can cause loss of vision
What is glaucoma?
the thing caused by increased pressure in the eye by intraocular fluid that won’t drain properly.
should go from ciliary processes to scleral venous sinuses (Schlemm’s canal)
On fundoscopic exam, what do you see w/ a pt w/ glaucoma?
optic nerve head cupping
What is the clinical progression of glaucoma?
optic nerve damage
peripheral field visual loss
loss of central vision
Blindness
What is papilledema?
Edema of the optic disc (choked disc)
Optic disc swelling is caused by increased intracranial
pressure; therefore, it is usually bilateral
