Pre-Industrial Britain Flashcards
Pre-industrial society
Difficult travel Food and clothes was produced locally School was limited for the lower class No large buildings Rural areas not urban villages rather then city’s Not easy to get jobs Only TWO classes upper and lower class Little free time (work) Free time was dictated by agricultural seasons Cruel/violent environment to live in for lower class Uneducated, no reading or writing for the lower class
Patron
A member of the gentry (upper class) who looked after the lower class performer
E.g. arranging competitions for them to compete in, putting up prize money and generally looking after their well being
Popular recreations
The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain
Feudal system
A way of structuring society in which land was exchanged for work
E.g a peasant would receive a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king
Info on recreational sport
Long hours of work for the lower class so occasional activities
Lower class were restricted to annual events, only when the agricultural calendar allowed their participation
Popular annual date was shrove Tuesday
Limited transport so games were all very local and specific to each community
4 C’s
Cruel
Class division
Communication
Countryside
Athletics/foot racing
Footmen where hired servants competing as messengers for the upper class
It was a competition on who could run the fastest distance, betting was involved
Very basic rules, some challenges were introduced
Increased social status for the lower class, allowing the upper class to look after and care for the runners
Patron > member of the gentry who looked after the lower class performer
What activities where like
Aggressive Male dominated Damage to property Reflected harsh society Many injuries which could lead to deaths
Mob football
Lower class sporting activity
Clearly reflected the two classes,
All localised due to limited transport and little communication e.g newspapers
Played in fields using local resources e.g pigs bladder
Only played on occasion due to work, little rules
Male dominated, violent behaviour, reflecting society
Real tennis
“The sport of kings”
“Royal tennis”
This was the original racquet sport, which Morden tennis is derived from
Indoor court, four irregularly sized walls, pear shaped rackets, cloth handmade balls solid/hard
Play is continuous no sitting, so considered an extreme sport so players must be athletic/technical
Upper class sport, very expensive to build and equipment due to specific walls
Many rules, moral code, respect to one another and make dominated. Didn’t reflect typical characteristics of other sports
Why foot racing became banned
Violent deaths
Injuries that would lead to infections due to lack of medical equipment
Lots of damage to property’s
Drunk behaviour
Gambling, seen as a sin
Alcohol consumption
Haxey Hood
Lower class sport One rule is no murder Annual event 14th century Village of Haxey North Lincolnshire
Lady de Mowbray was riding towards Westwood side, her silk hood blew away so 13 farmers rushed to help. She claimed if the chase was to be recreated then she would give a donation
Officials sometimes get drunk, damaged property, drunk behaviour leading to injuries or fighting
Dr William Penny Brooks
Founder of Olympic Games in 1850
HITFOR
H - health and hygiene I - income T - time F - facility’s O - overcrowded R - rights
Pre industrial summery
Class divisions Physical/violent Male dominated Mob football reflected divisions Few unwritten rules Little to no equipment
Post industrial summery
Written rules Skill based Commercialised Regular Class divisions Association football reflected this
Rational recreation characteristics
1) played regionally, nationally/internationally
2) respectable
3) regular
4) rule based
5) gambling controlled
6) impact on religion
7) impact on revolutions
8) purpose built facilities
NGB’s development
Sport became more popular, more teams/clubs, competitions and leagues were required, more national + international fixtures, nationally agreed rules, maintain on ‘amateur ideal’ so upper class could have control.
The professionals were the lower class because they did get paid
The upper/middle class didn’t get paid so they were known as the amateurs in recreational sport
NGB of trampolining/gymnastics
British Gymnastics
Why NGB’s tried preventing professionals from playing
Didn’t want to mix with lower class Wanted to maintain ‘amateur ideal’ Didn’t like losing to lower class Wanted to maintain control
Amateur values
Manliness
Appreciating value of health & fitness
Appreciating the value of rule regulated activity
High moral integrity
A mature
A person who plays sport because the love it, receiving no money
Professional
A person who plays sport for financial gain
Positive impacts of amateurism
Elite performers was dominated by the upper/middle class
Code of amateurism: was based on playing sport to clearly set rules, forming many NGBs
Belonging to social elite: having wealth and time to play sport for the love of it rather then the money
Participation: seen as more important than winning
Bowman ruling
Allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid
15th December 1995
Sponsorship deals
Sponsorship deals and television develops into gaining a high profit
Players get sponsored for example only wearing Adidas or nike
Impacts on social media
Newspapers, radio, internet and social media.
Tv can be viewed as the most powerful aspect of the media - buying and selling of tv broadcasting rights is a very important part of the 21st century sport as it has gone global
Globalisation
Process where by nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more independent via improvements in communication and travel
Effects of commercialisation one sport
Rules and regulations have been changed or introduced to speed up the action and prevent spectator boredom
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
Society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
Internalisation
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
Gender socialisation
The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
Social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts feelings appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
Institution
An established organisation founded for a religious educational professional or social purpose
Social change
An alteration in the social order of a society
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or minority group, to make distinctions act on a prejudice
Overt discrimination
Visible/obvious (e.g verbal racist of a player
Covert discussion
Hidden/less ambitious (e.g non selection if individuals as caption because of race
3 groups that have a lack of involvement in sport
Disabilities
Ethnic minorities
Woman/teen girls
Disabilities
When a mental, physical or sensory impairment effects performance
Inclusiveness
All people should have needs, abilities and aspirations recognised, understood and met within a supportive environment
Integration
Able bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity at the same time
Segregation
People with disabilities participating separately with other disabled performers
Barriers to participation
Lack of time (could walk to work)
Lack of motivation (could invite friends)
Lack of skill (select low skill activities)
Little income (select cheaper activities)
Sport England statistics
58% people did sport in 2015
62% people in 2019
Disability statistics in participation
18% of the uk are disabled
9.4 million disabled people in England
Sport England’s mission
Better physical and mental well being
Individual development
Social + community development
Economic development
