Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

Question 1

What does the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990, amended 2008) state in regards to the use of human reproductive material?

Answer 1

1. It is unlawful to store or use gametes/ embryos without a license granted by the HFEA
2. Counselling requirements for anyone accessing fertility treatment (must be offered)
3. Welfare of the child (potential or siblings) must be taken into account
4. Specification of who is legal mother and father
5. Limitations as to when embryo testing can be used

Question 2

In what circumstances does the HFE Act (1990/ 2008) permit embryo testing?

Answer 2

1. To establish whether the embryo has an abnormality that will reduce the chance of a live birth
2. To establish whether the embryo has an abnormality that could result in serious illness or disability
3. To determine whether an embryo is tissue compatible with a sibling (i.e. to act as a saviour sibling through donation of umbilical cord blood, bone marrow etc.)

Question 3

When is sex selection permitted?

Answer 3

Only when there is a risk of sex-related abnormalities that may result in serious disability or illness

Question 4

What ethical principles or values should be taken into account when making decisions regarding IVF?

Answer 4

Beneficence
Non-maleficence (to parents, potential baby, siblings etc.)
Justice (use of resources - funding allocation, postcode lottery, eligibility criteria etc.)
Autonomy (right to procreate etc.)

Question 5

What does the HFE Act state in regards to choosing an embryo for implantation?

Answer 5

An embryo with a known risk of abnormality must not be chosen for implantation over an embryo that is not known to have an abnormality

Embryos must not be chosen based on sex (unless in case of sex-linked abnormalities as outlined)