Pre Hospital Medications

Question 1

What is asthma

Answer 1

Chronic hyperresponsiveness of a/w to some form of trigger. 1. Increased mucous secretion. 2. Mucosal edema. 3. Bronchospasm

Question 2

COPD- Bronchiolitis

Answer 2

Hyper secretion of mucous causing chronic productive cough. Bronchial irritation results in inflammation of bronchial epithelium

Question 3

COPD- Emphysema

Answer 3

Chronic toxic exposure results in destruction of alveolar walls w fewer pulmonary capillaries

Question 4

Salbutamol moa

Answer 4

Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors (sympathetic ns)and selectively relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Question 5

Adrenergic Receptors

Answer 5

Part of SNS, stimulated by epi. Alpha 1 vasoconstriction. Beta 1 cardiac stimulation. Beta 2 bronchodilation.

Question 6

Why use salbutamol to tx hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

Can lower serum potassium levels by shifting extracellular fluid back into cells (increase activity of Na+/K+ pump)

Question 7

Does Epi have positive or negative inotropic action on beta-1 receptors?

Answer 7

Positive, increased cardiac output

Question 8

Epi effects on alpha-1?

Answer 8

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Question 9

Epi effects on beta-2?

Answer 9

Bronchodilation

Question 10

Where are corticosteroids produced?

Answer 10

Adrenal cortex

Question 11

Glucocorticoids moa

Answer 11

Reduce inflammation by blocking messages of inflammatory mediators

Question 12

Mineralocorticoids moa

Answer 12

increase sodium and water retention and increase potassium excretion

Question 13

Ex of corticosteroids

Answer 13

Dexamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone

Question 14

Dexamethasone moa

Answer 14

Binds to glucocorticoid receptors to inhibit inflammatory processes

Question 15

How pancreas regulates bgl

Answer 15

Alpha cells secrete glucagon when bgl low. Beta cells secrete insulin when bgl high

Question 16

How glucagon increases bgl

Answer 16

1- promotes glycogenolysis to break down glycogen into glucose (liver stores). 2- promotes gluconeogenesis to produce glucose form non-carb sources

Question 17

How insulin decreases bgl

Answer 17

Increasing cellular uptake of glucose, promoting glycogenesis to synthesize glycogen from glucose for storage

Question 18

Glycogenolysis

Answer 18

Glycogen to glucose

Question 19

What is nitroglycerin converted to once administered?

Answer 19

Nitric oxide

Question 20

Nitro moa

Answer 20

Reduces the amount of blood returning to the heart = less preload = less workload which req less oxygen therefore improving angina or MI

Question 21

Nitro for CHF improves pumping efficiency leading to

Answer 21

Decrease in pulm edema and improved diffusion across resp membrane

Question 22

ASA Classification

Answer 22

Analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflam, anti-platelet

Question 23

ASA moa

Answer 23

Inhibition of COX (cyclo-oxygenase) which is an enzyme involved inflam and blood clotting