Pre-History to 6th Century Flashcards
New Grange, Ireland
circular passage tomb over 250 ft wide and contains 3 recessed chambers, curbstone carved with triple-spiral motifs marks. the entryway
during the winter, sun rises through clerestory, illuminating central chamber
Stonehenge, England
circular ditch and bank “henge”, about 330 ft in diameter; open to the northeast, framing sunrise on the summer solstice
Ley Lines, England
network of straight lines that connect geographic features and sacred sites through underlying paths of energy within the earth
Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes
an ordered arrangement of specific plants around a rectangular basin stocked with fish
Mesopotamian Hunting Parks
large enclosed parks of the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians; The Epic of Gilgamesh described the ancient Sumerian city of Uruk as being composed of equal parts city, garden, and field.
Pasargadae, Persia
the imperial capital of Cyrus the Great described by ancient Greeks and Romas as - four-square pattern; space defined by water and trees; gardens provided visual and climatic comfort, not spaces for active use
House of the Vettii, Pompeii
resort town for wealthy Romans; typical Roman town house contained a paved atrium and a garden court surrounded by a roofed colonnade (peristyle)
Pliny’s Seaside Villa, near Rome
Pliny the Younger’s country house; planned the rooms of his “villa marittima” according to their functional and climatic requirements, and to take advantage of views; a place of escape from urban responsibility
Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, Italy
located 15 miles east of Rome in the foothills of the sabine mountains, the comprises the imperial villa reflecting Classical culture
Spring of Khosrow Carpet (Iraq)
over 450 ft long, a lushly planted garden of rectangular beds divided by paths and watercourses
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir El-Bahri, Egypt
sited at the base of a cliff on the West Bank of the Nile River; comprised of monumental terraces and colonnades symmetrically organized around a processional axis
Temple of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy
Hellenistic principles of movement about an axis with Roman arch technology; grand staircases, ramps, and arcaded terraces along the slope; the sanctuary was over 1,000ft asl and visible from the Tyrrhenian Sea
Teotihuacan, Mexico
cultural center of Aztec civilization, was the largest city in the world during the late 2nd century; the Avenue of the Dead formed the main axis of the orthogonally planned city, wc was oriented toward the cardinal directions.
Pantheon, Rome
reign of Hadrian to 15th century became the largest concrete dome ever built; perfect shape like a circle inside a square space (height of dome = its width)
opening in the center of the dome OCULUS, creates the dramatic lighting and atmospheric effects
Mt. Fuji, Japan
sacred to Shinto followers, natural features
Minoan Civilization, Crete
unfortified palace at Knossos contained a large open courtyard
“Horns of consecration” placed about the palace represented the bull sacrifice and symbolized the sacredness of the space
