6th to 15th Centuries (Middle Ages) Flashcards
Constantinople, Turkey
Hagia Sophia was rebuilt on the site of a centuries-old basilica by Emperor Justinian I
became the leading European power while Rome declined
Hohokam Canals
peoples of southern Arizona diverted water from he Salt, Gila, and San Pedro rivers in a complex system of irrigation canals that enabled the cultivation of fields more than 16 miles distant from their water source
Viking Age
constant threat of this group’s raids on Northern Europe, made the landscape unsafe and contributed to the medieval European mindset of seeking protection from nature
Great Buddha or Daibutsu
constructed by Emperor Shomu at Nara, Japan
Samarra, Iraq
the palace city with its iconic spiral minaret at the Grand Mosque, was the administrative headquarters of the Abbasid caliphs for a brief period in the 9th century
Serpent mound
over a quarter mile long, built by the Fort Ancient culture of Ohio, the largest animal effigy in existence
Bayeux Tapestry
230 ft. embroidered cloth, commissioned by Bishop Odo to illustrate the events surrounding the Norman invasion of England in 1066
Crusades
the 1st ones were initiated by Pope Urban II to liberate Christian holy sites from Muslim control and to support the Byzantine emperor against threats from the Islamic empire
First Universities
The University of Bologna, founded the study of rhetoric, grammar, and logic, later expanded its curriculum to include philosophy and and mathematics - subjects first developed by the Arabs and Greeks
In the 12th century, Frederick I (Barbarossa) declared European universities free from the influences of church and state, establishing an enduring model of scholarship that thrived during the Renaissance
Cathedrals
during the surge of large-scale projects in Europe, new architectural forms (ribbed vault, pointed arch, and flying buttress) emphasized verticality and defined the Gothic style; the focus was in the heavenly realm above, rather than the earthly realm below
Angkor Wat
the temple complex was symbolic of Hindu cosmology, with its concentric canals, terraces, galleries, and central temple
the temple’s roof structure represented sacred Mount Meru, an axis Mundi b/n sacred and profane worlds
Anasazi
cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde, Colorado, are typical of the highly organized culture of the American Southwest
The “Shambles”
commercial function, intimate streetscape that characterizes medieval European cities today bc of dense, premium space (workshop and living quarters encroached on public space)
Flowery Mead
Albertus Magnus wrote a gardening manual “De Vegetabilibus et Plants” based on ancient Roman and contemporary English treatises, described a pleasure garden and a detailed instructions for creating this
Villa Management - Liber Ruralium Commodorum
Piero de’ Crescenzi wrote this practical advice on agricultural estate management at various scales, particularly valuable to villa designers of the Italian Renaissance
