Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTORY OF LARCH > Basic Terms > Flashcards

Basic Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

plan where elements are the same and are in equilibrium about a central point or opposite sides of an axial line.

A

SYMMETRICAL PLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

plan with occult balance, closest to nature

A

ASYMMETRICAL PLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a scene observed from a given vantage point

A

VIEW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a framed segment of a view

A

VISTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the natural surface of the earth and basis for all construction

A

BASE PLANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a plane above that serve as shield or filter of light, able to cash shadows

A

OVERHEAD PLANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

contains and articulates used areas and outdoor spaces

A

VERTICALS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endpoint or apex of an axis or other landscape feature

A

TERMINUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the streets, sidewalk, trails, and other channels in wc people travel (by Kevin Lynch)

A

PATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

readily identifiable objects wc serve as external reference points (by Kevin Lynch)

A

LANDMARK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines (by Kevin Lynch)

A

EDGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

focal points, intersections or loci (by Kevin Lynch)

A

NODE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

relatively large sections of the city distinguished by some identity or character (by Kevin Lynch)

A

DISTRICT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the open air; out of doors; Italian for “in the fresh air”

A

ALFRESCO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A place shaded by trees or shrubs; an open structure, usually consisting of a horizontal framework or a latticework supported by columns on which vines or other plants are trained

A

ARBOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A tree or shrub of the Mimosaceous genus, native to warm geographical regions; a favorite vegetative form in much artwork in the Middle East; Gum Arabic

A

ACACIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A real or imaginary straight line on which an object rotates or is perceived to balance; a centerline along which the parts of an object are symmetrically balanced

A

AXIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The place of several elements along a single centerline or at cross axes to the main axis

A

AXIAL PLANNING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sculpture or carving of shallow depth, usually on a flat or curved surface of the stone; figures project minimally from the monolithic background stone

A

BAS-RELIEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Italian word for Bas-relief meaning low relief

A

BASSO RILIEVO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two-sided or arranged on opposite sides of an axis; symmetrical

A

BILATERAL SYMMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a major site with many stones such as Stonehenge.

From the Paleolithic Era; a large horizontal slab-like stone that spans several upright stones as a prehistoric monument or tomb

A

CROMLECH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

one single slab of stone stuck in the ground. This is the one that resembles the “acupuncture of the earth.”

A

MENHIR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a stone structure that uses two or more stones to hold up a flat stone “roof.” These can oftentimes be “portals” and are more ritual in nature. Possibly graves, possibly sites of significant importance.

Large upright stones capped with a covering slab; erected in prehistoric times as a monument or tomb

A

DOLMEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A low plain along a streambed or channel that is subject to flooding; soil is composed of sediments deposited by the stream

A

FLOODPLAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ancient Times. an upright plane sided tapering pillar often monolithic and ending in a pyramidal point

A

OBELISK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ancient Times. Right-angled. Having to do with right angles, rectangular, linear, or axial

A

ORTHOGONAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A deposit of rock, gravel, and sand particles that have been transported and laid down by a flowing body of water

A

ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A green, sometimes moist and cool, fertile place in a desert area

A

OASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A garden structure consisting of a trellis supported by posts or columns and upon which vines or other plants are trained. Shade walkways

A

PERGOLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A doorway, gate, or entrance, especially a large and imposing one

A

PORTAL; PYLON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The Latin word that means “the paintings that adorned the walls of porticos”

A

TOPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Evergreen plants carved into geometrical or sculptural forms

A

TOPIARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The physical features, both natural and human-made, on the earth’s surface; relief, drainage, surface materials, vegetation, special physical phenomena, and human-made (cultural) features

A

TOPOGRAPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A pyramidal staged tower, of which the angles were oriented to the cardinal points

a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels.

an architectural and religious structure characteristic of the major cities of Mesopotamia (now mainly in Iraq) from approximately 2200 until 500 BCE.

A

ZIGGURAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A coniferous tree with evergreen needle-like leaves, cones, and a characteristic fragrance; regarded as sacred in much of the ancient Near East (Scientific Name and Common Name)

A

CEDRUS LIBANI (CEDAR OF LEBANON)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The hardier coniferous tree with evergreen needle-like leaves, cones, and characteristic fragrance; more widely found in America

A

CEDRUS LIBANI STERROCOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A place of delight; a terrestrial paradise; a region in the bible described as the place where God created a garden for Adam and Eve. Name comes from the Sumerian ‘plain’. Between Tigris and Euphrates.

A

EDEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A raised place or small hill, usually human-made, designed to give a view of the estate

A

MOUNT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

An ancient structural system comprised of vertical supports, spanned by horizontal beams

A

POST AND LINTEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Any place of great beauty and perfection; a place or condition of great happiness; heaven

A

PARADISE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A geometric figure having four side and four angles

A

QUADRILATERAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A composition that consists of two axes intersecting at right angles and resulting in all four subdivisions or quadrants being equal; biaxial

A

QUADRILATERAL SYMMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The region where the stages of the ziggurats were developed into continuous inclined ramp circulating the four sides

A

ASSYRIAN REGION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The device for raising water; used for the irrigation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon; also used by the ancient Egyptians for pumping water from the Nile into their vast system of irrigation canals; invented by the Mesopotamian civilizations

A

SPIRAL PUMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Persian word for garden, especially one that is quadripartite or subdivided into four quadrants by water channels crossing at its center; where the capital city of Iraq gotten its name, hence “Garden City”

A

BAGH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

used to describe the carved marble water chutes in the Moghul gardens of India and Pakistan where water is made to flow from a pool over a rippled incline to appear to sparkle as it descends to a lower pool

A

CHADAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Persian word for underground water canals that were constructed through the desert to bring water from a remote source to irrigate cultivated lands

A

QANAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The Persian word meaning “fence” or “enclosure;” in Arabic, it means “walled around”

A

PAIRIDAEZA (PARADISE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

A garden created to symbolize the qualities of heaven

A

PARADISE GARDEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

A fortress or fortified place such as a town with a commanding height for military advantages

A

CITADEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Classical Greek. a small garden centered on a statue of Adonis (the god of beauty and desire) whose death each fall and rebirth in spring was celebrated. Flowered pots.

A

ADONIS GARDEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Classical Greek. religious and symbolic center of the community, highest portion of a greek city which a temple to a principal deity was located

A

ACROPOLIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Classical Greek. places of worship and meditation that became the setting for the academy.

A

SACRED GROVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Classical Greek. Classical Roman houses an open central court. Lasted to this present day as a principal feature of Mediterranean Architecture.

A

ATRIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Classical Greek. large oblong hall or church

A

BASILICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Classical Greek. area for the governing body

A

BOULEUTERION

58
Q

Classical Greek. a. sculpted lyrical woman’s figure used as part of an upright architectural member

A

CARYATID

59
Q

Classical Greek. in an urban Greek or Roman courtyard house, an outside sitting room connected to the court often shaded for summer use

A

EXEDRA

60
Q

Classical Greek. pertaining to Greek, its people, language

A

HELLENIC

61
Q

Classical Greek. an urban planning a method of layout that uses two large cross-axial roads to divide a city into four parts that are further subdivided into blocks. After Hippodamus of Miletus a greek planner. GRID PLAN

A

HIPPODAMIAN

62
Q

Classical Greek. A grotto in classical Greece sacred to nymphs. In Rome, a water garden with a nearby pavilion.

A

NYMPHAEUM

63
Q

Classical Greek. a walkway or arcade with a column-supported roof or overhang, often located in or next to a garden

A

PORTICO

64
Q

The Roman World. a round or oval arena with tiered seating usually recessed into a hillside. first devised by the Greeks as a setting for drama.

A

AMPHITHEATER

65
Q

The Roman World. A pastoral lifestyle is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture. Especially dealing with a sense of rural tranquility or peace

A

BUCOLIC

66
Q

The Roman World. Medieval Architecture with no particular originality noted for aristocratic baths pleasure and monumental statuary.

gardens were based largely on Roman ideas emphasizing elaborate Hellenistic mosaic designs, a typical classical feature of formally arrayed trees and built elements such as fountains and small shrines.

A

BYZANTINE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

67
Q

The Roman World. Roman legion camp square and gridiron in form. Influential in town layout and planning in late classical times and thereafter

In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum was a building, or plot of land, used as a fortified military camp. In English, the terms ‘Roman fort’, ‘Roman camp’, and ‘Roman fortress’

A

CASTRUM

68
Q

The Roman World. cross-shaped

A

CRUCIFORM

69
Q

The Roman World. a wall painting executed on wet plaster, frequently found in Roman and Italian renaissance villas.

is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid (“wet”) lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall.

A

FRESCO

70
Q

a collection basin in the floor of an atrium; an ancient Roman device; it is fed by a roof opening or compluvium

A

IMPLUVIUM

71
Q

a continuous aisle in a circular building; in a church, the ambulatory serves as a semicircular aisle that encloses the apse

A

AMBULATORY

72
Q

semicircular area; it’s at one end of the building and contains the main altar

A

APSE

73
Q

refers to a series of arches supported by columns or piers; a passageway formed by arches

A

ARCADE

74
Q

a curved structure used to support the weight of the material above it; a stone at the top of the arch is called KEYSTONE; it holds the other parts in place

A

ARCH

75
Q

support built against an outside wall of a building; a flying buttress is an arched support that extends from a column or pier to a wall

A

BUTTRESS

76
Q

(in an order) it forms the upper part of a column, separates the shaft from the entablature

A

CAPITAL

77
Q

in classical architecture, it consisted of a column and entablature; served as basic elements of Greek and Roman Architecture

A

ORDER

78
Q

Classical Greek. a row of columns, each set an equal distance apart

A

COLONNADE

79
Q

Classical Greek. vertical support in an order; consists of a shaft and capital, often rests on a base

A

COLUMN

80
Q

Classical Greek. a design of column; the first and simplest of the three Greek orders; normally has no base

A

DORIC ORDER

81
Q

Classical Greek. a design of column; the second of three Greek orders; has a capital decorated with curved spiral scrolls called VOLUTES

A

IONIC ORDER

82
Q

Classical Greek. a design of column; last of three Greek orders; resembling ionic order but has an elaborate capital that is decorated with carvings of leaves of the acanthus plant

A

CORINTHIAN ORDER

83
Q

The Roman World. resembling the Corinthian order but has a capital that combines the corinthian acanthus leaf decoration with volutes from the ionic order

A

COMPOSITE ORDER

84
Q

The Roman World. resembling the Doric order but the shaft has no fluting

A

TUSCAN ORDER

85
Q

refers to the upper horizontal part of an Order between a capital and the roof; consists of three major parts (architrave, frieze, and cornice)

A

ENTABLATURE

86
Q

makes up the lowest part of an entablature; it rests on the capital of a column

A

ARCHITRAVE

87
Q

forms the middle part of an entablature and is often decorated with a horizontal band of relief sculpture

A

FRIEZE

88
Q

forms the upper part of an entablature and extends beyond the frieze

A

CORNICE

89
Q

the chief area within a church extending from the main entrance. to the transept

A

NAVE

90
Q

forms the arms in a T or cross-shaped church

A

TRANSEPT

91
Q

triangular segment between the horizontal entablature and the sloping roof at the front of a classical style building

A

PEDIMENT

92
Q

curved support shaped like an inverted triangle holding up the dome

A

PENDENTIVE

93
Q

Medieval. a bell tower especially one near but not attached to a church

A

CAMPANILE

94
Q

Medieval. a carved animal figure placed on a post as a curiosity

A

BEESTE

95
Q

Medieval. a small column

A

COLONNETTE

96
Q

Medieval. an enclosed area next to a building serving a garden yard or pasture

A

GARTH

97
Q

Medieval. characterized by its massive quality, its thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, and decorative arcading. Each building has clearly defined forms and frequently has very regular and symmetrical plans.

pertaining or designating a transitional style of European Architecture prevalent from the 9th to the 12th century

A

ROMANESQUE

98
Q

Moorish Spain. glazed, bright multi-colored fired tile

A

AZULEJO

99
Q

Moorish Spain. an architectural painting or sculptural flourish or surface design pattern of geometric flourishes. From Mediterranean Moorish and Persian architectural design.

A

ARABESQUE

100
Q

Moorish Spain. Arabesque tracery, delicate and intricate ornamental work made from gold, silver, or other fine twisted wire

A

FILIGREE

101
Q

Moorish Spain. a window or balcony with a view, the most famous of which is found in the upper garden of Generalife with a sweeping vista of the city and the Sierra Nevada

A

MIRADOR

102
Q

Moorish Spain a tiny ruin generated by rainfall - water feature?

A

RILL

103
Q

Italian Renaissance. an extravagant sprawling overly decorative style of art and design

A

BAROQUE

104
Q

Italian Renaissance. countryside prairie or series of open fields

A

ROMAN CAMPAGNA

105
Q

Italian Renaissance. central courtyard in a building flanked by arcades

A

CORTILE

106
Q

Italian Renaissance. ornament or elegant cap at the top of a fence slat or post

A

FINIAL

107
Q

Italian Renaissance. formally laid out planter often a box at ground level but sometimes raised by means of masonry or wood borders

A

PARTERRE

108
Q

French Grand style. a railing in landscape architecture often found along a walk or around a pool or other garden feature

railing supported by balusters, especially an ornamental parapet on a balcony, bridge, or terrace.

A

BALUSTRADE

109
Q

French Grand Style. a cluster or clump of trees or shrubs

a formal plantation of trees, at least five of identical species planted as a quincunx, or set in strict regularity as to rank and file, so that the trunks line up as one passes along either face.

A

BOSQUET

110
Q

European interpretations of Chinese or Japanese form popular from 17th to 19th centuries.

A

CHINOISERIE

111
Q

Dutch Baroque garden feature; an iron grille implanted in a wall at the end of an allee of trees;

features wrought iron openwork

A

CLAIRE-VOIE

112
Q

French Grand Style. a small rustic hamlet of farmhouses out buildings and a mill similar structure built as part of landscaped estate

French word for hamlet (place), a small settlement.

A

HAMAEAU

113
Q

English Gardens. bucolic idealistically rural or rustic

A

ARCADIAN

114
Q

English Gardens. an exterior wall used to protect a castle

A

BAILEY

115
Q

English Gardens. all or part of an adjacent landscape; the features of which figure in the composition of the landscape or garden at hand

A

BORROWED SCENERY (shakkei)

116
Q

English Gardens. a plot of lawn or turf

A

GREENSWARD

117
Q

A high section of wall that contains windows where light and air passes (higher window, more daylight)

A

CLERESTORY

118
Q

Ciudadela

A

sunken plaza, located in the now San Juan River

119
Q

Oculus

A

opening center of the dome

120
Q

Temenos

A

sacred precinct of Apollo; Greek word for delimited sacred precinct

121
Q

Tholos

A

circular temple in Athena’s sanctuary; Greek for circular temple

122
Q

Omphalos

A

navel of the Earth

123
Q

Ghats

A

steps

124
Q

Canopus

A

long rectangular canal bordered by caryatids on one side;

southern end apsed by nymphaeum (S) and a semicircular colonnade (N)

125
Q

Stoa poekile

A

painted stoa

126
Q

Axis mundi

A

symbolic line that extends from sky to the underworld (earth as its center)

127
Q

Equinox

A

the day the sun crosses the equator – equal length of days and nights (Spring: March 20, Autumn: September 23)

128
Q

Genius loci

A

unique spiritual force inherent in a particular place

129
Q

Otium

A

Roman concept of leisure afforded by a natural setting;

exemplified by country villa

130
Q

Polis

A

ancient Greek city-state

131
Q

Solstice

A

further point the sun reaches the sky (Summer: June 21, Winter:
December 21)

132
Q

Topos

A

Aristotle’s philosophy of place defined by specific natural

features

133
Q

Geoglyphs

A

images inscribed on the earth

134
Q

Kiva

A

sunken ceremonial room used in Puebloan cultures

135
Q

Locus amoenus

A

a literary topos involving an idealized place of safety or comfort.
latin for “pleasant place”

136
Q

Hortus conclusus

A

Latin term, meaning literally “enclosed garden”

137
Q

Pleasance

A

a secluded enclosure or part of a garden, especially one attached to a large house.

138
Q

Herbarium

A

plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study.
- Utilitarian part of pleasance garden

139
Q

Viridarium

A

pleasure garden

-ornamental part of pleasance garden

140
Q

Flowery Mead

A

grass

141
Q

Cloister

A

similar to peristyle (colonnaded), with central basin/fountain

HISTORY OF LARCH (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions