Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANHD 3140-Anesthesia > Pre-Anesthetic Drugs > Flashcards

Pre-Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine

A

Anticholinergic
Decreases vagal stimulation
Quicker action, slow duration
Best to use in emergency bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atropine Toxicity

A 
Drowsiness
Dry mm
Excitability
Dilated pupils 
Tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A 
Anticholinergic
K9/Fel
Doesn't cross blood-brain barrier
Reduced risk of inducing cardiac arrhythmias
IV, IM, SQ, IT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Major Effects of Anticholinergics

A 
Prevention of bradycardia
Increased HR
Reduction of Respiratory, GI, Salivary and Lacrimal secretions 
Mydriasis
Bronchodilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Anticholinergics

A

Cardiac arrhythmias
Thickening of respiratory/salivary secretions
Inhibition of peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tranquilizer

A

Reduces anxiety (not necessarily mental awareness/wakefulness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sedatives

A

A drug to cause reduced mental activity and sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenothiazine

A

Non-controlled, water soluble sedative

Ex. Acepromazine Maleate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acepromazine Maleate

A 
Phenothiazine-sedative
Wide safety margin
IV, IM, SQ, PO
No analgesic effects
Causes sedation, peripheral vasodilation (hypotension)
Anti arrhythmic effect
Antiemetic effect
Antihistamine effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major Effects of Phenothiazines

A

Calming, sedation
Peripheral vasodilation
Anti arrhythmic effects
Antiemetic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines

A

Reduction of seizure threshold
Hypotension
Penile prolapse (large animal)
Decreased PCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benzodiazepines

A 
Minor tranquilizers
Controlled, reversible drugs
IM, IV
Depress the CNS
Primary effects of increasing activity of endogenous GABA (inhibitory neuron)
Rapid onset, short duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major Effects of Benzodiazepines

A

Anti Anxiety, calming (in old/ill)
Anticonvulsant
Skeletal muscle relaxation
Appetite stimulant (Fel, ruminants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diazepam

A 
Benzodiazepine 
Not water soluble
Fairly safe
Enhances analgesia/sedation
Light sensitive
Soluble in plastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Midazolam

A 
Benzodiazepine
Water soluble
Light sensitive
Causes less tissue irritation
Reliable IM, SQ absorption 
Unreliable sedation in dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Benzodiazepines

A 
Disorientation, excitement (young/healthy dogs)
Dysphoria, aggression (Fel)
Ataxia, recumbency (Lg animal)
Muscle fasciculations (equine)
Pain at IM inj of diazepam
17
Q

Alpha 2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists

A

“Alpha2Agonists”
Non-controlled drugs for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation
Rapid sedation, reversible
IV, IM
Act on alpha2adrenergic receptors of the SNS within the CNS and peripherally
Metabolized in the liver/excreted as metabolites in the urine
Decreases release or norepinephrine

18
Q

Major Effects of Alpha2Agonists

A 
Dose-dependant sedation 
Analgesia
Decreased cardiac output and HR
Decreased BP
Decreased RR and tidal volume 
Muscle relaxation
Vomiting (k9/Fel)
19
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Alpha2Agonists

A 
Agitation, aggression when touched
Reaction to loud noises
Ataxia, falling (bovine)
Severe bradycardia, hypotension, decreased cardiac output 
Severe respiratory depression
20
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Alpha2Agonist
“Dexdomitor”
Most common
IV, IM
Can cause profound sedation, short-lived analgesia
Antagonized by antipamezole (Antisedan)
*dont give w/Anticholinergics @high doses (paradoxic bradycardia)

21
Q

Detomidine

A

Alpha2Agonist
Equine
Produces sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation

22
Q

Xylazine

A

Alpha2Agonist
Cattle require low doses due to tolerance level
First alpha2agonist in sm/Lg animal medicine

23
Q

Opioids

A 
Provide analgesia 
Derivative of opium
Can be used for anesthetic induction
May be agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonist, antagonists
Causes CNS depression 
Prevent/tx post-op pain, premed
Reversible 
Act centrally by inhibiting Brain perception and central sensitization on the spinal cord
Metabolized in the liver
24
Q

Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists

A 
Morphine
Fentanyl
Hydromorphone 
Oxymorphone 
Methadone
Meperidine 
Most potent analgesic effects, higher chance for adverse reactions 
Moderate-severe pain
25
Q

Partial Mu Agonists

A

Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine
Less potent, less sedation, less adverse reactions

26
Q

Agonist-Antagonist

A

Nalbuphine
Butorphanol
Less potent, less sedation, less adverse reactions

27
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid Agonist, controlled drug
Can be used IV, IM, SQ, epidural
Provides analgesia, reduces cardiac afterload
Primarily binds to Mu and Kappa receptors
may cause facial swelling and hypotension after rapid IV inj
Moderate-severe pain

28
Q

Opioids Major Effects

A 
CNS depression (k9)
Excitement (Fel) 
Sedation 
Bradycardia 
Decreased RR and tidal volume
29
Q

Major Adverse Effects of Opioids

A 
Hyperventilation, miosis (k9)
Mydriasis (Fel)
Urine retention 
Salivation/vomiting
Hypotension (from vasodilation)
React to noise
30
Q

Oxymorphone

A 
Opioid Agonist
Provides analgesia
High potency/sedation, few adverse effects 
Expensive 
Doesn't induce histamine
May cause vomiting, resp depression 
IV, IM, SQ, epidural
31
Q

Hydromorphone

A 
Opioid Agonist
Provides analgesia 
Less potent then Oxymorphone 
Similar duration as of Oxymorphone 
Adverse Effects: resp depression, bradycardia, vomiting, panting, excess sedation, excitement
32
Q

Fentanyl

A 
Opioid 
Most potent analgesic
Rapid onset, short duration
IV, IM, SQ, epidural, transdermal patch
Adverse effect: panting, noise sensitive
33
Q

Butorphanol

A

Synthetic Opioid Agonist-Antagonist (can partially reverse effects of other Mu opioids)
Used as premed, sedative, post-op pain control (mild-moderate visceral pain), cough suppressant
SQ, IM, IV toxic to spinal cord
Short duration
Less sedation, dysphoria, resp depression
Decreased HR, BP, cardiac output, some resp depression
Adverse Effects: panting, vomiting, histamine release

34
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial Mu Opioid Agonist
Stimulates Mu receptors, provides some analgesia
IV, IM, epidural, bucally (Fel)
Delayed onset, longer duration
Can reverse sedation, resp depression induced by Mu agonist opioids

35
Q

Neuroleptanalgesia

A

The use of opioids with a tranquilizer to achieve a state of sedation and analgesia

36
Q

Anticholinergics

A

“Parasympatholytics”
Used to tx/prevent bradycardia, increases HR, reduces resp/GI/salivary/lacrimal secretions
Causes mydriasis and bronchodilation
Blocks the binding of Acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors (target organ)

37
Q

Naloxone

A

Antagonist for Opioids

ANHD 3140-Anesthesia (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions