Pre algebra vocabulary Flashcards
Term
the number or an expression that is separated by addition and subtraction signs
Coefficient
the numerical part of a variable term
Factor
when two numbers are multiplied.
Quotient
an answer to a division problem
Constant
a term that is a number
Integer
consisted of negative and positive whole number, including 0
Absolute Value
the distance between the number and 0 on a number line
Opposites
two numbers that have the same absolute value but have different signs
Coordinate Plane
formed by a horizontal number line called the x-axis and a vertical number line called the y-axis
Origin
the point (0,0) where the x-axis and the y-axis intersect in a coordinate plane
Ordered Pair
a pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. The first number is the x-coordinate, and the second number is the y-coordinate
bar graph
a type of graph in which the lengths of bars are used to represent and compare data in categories
frequency table
A table that lists items together according to its interval which is the number of times, or frequency, that the items occur http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2044/2353314675_5573442c74.jpg
histogram
A bar graph where the bars touch, where the height of each bar indicates its frequency, and where data is grouped into intervals http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1146/671776081_2e2a57d957.jpg
perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
area
the number of square units needed to cover a flat surface
integers
Positive and Negative Whole Numbers and 0
additive identity property
The sum of a number and zero is always that number.
additive inverse property
The sum of a number and its opposite is zero.
multiplication identity property
The product of any number and one is that number.
mean
the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values in the set
commutative property of addition
In a sum, you can add terms in any order, a + b = b + a
commutative property of multiplication
the order of the factors does not change the product a x b = b x a
associative property of addition
changing the grouping of terms will not change the sum, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
associative property of multiplication
changing the grouping of factors will not change the product, (ab)c = a(bc)
distributive property
a(b + c) = ab + ac
coordinate plane
A plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis.
quadrant
one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided
Inverse Operation
operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction
Inequality
A statement that compares two quantities using greater than, less than, or equal to
prime number
A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
composite
a number that has more than two factors
prime factorization
a number written as the product of its prime factors
greatest common factor
The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common.
equivalent fractions
fractions that have the same value and the same simplest form
multiple
skip-counting by any given number
least common multiple
the smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common
least common denominator
The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.
scientific notation
a method of writing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
reciprocal
one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2
rational number
A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0.
median
is the middle value in a data set where the numbers are ordered least to greatest
mode
is the value in a data set that occurs most often. If all values occur the same amount of times there is no mode for that set.
range
is the difference of the greatest value and the least value in a set of data.
circle
is the set of all points that are an equal distance from a point called the center
center
the point in the exact middle of a circle
radius
a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle (is also half the diameter)
diameter
the distance across a circle through its center (is also twice the radius)
circumference
The distance around a circle.
ratio
a comparison of two numbers by division
rate
a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
unit rate
a rate that has a denominator of 1
proportion
an equation that states that two ratios are equal
percent
a ratio whose denominator is 100
pie graph
a graph that best shows part of a whole or the percentage out of 100%
markup
the amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store is paid for the item
discount
a decrease in the price of an item
interest
is the amount paid for borrowing or lending money
principal
the original amount of money loaned or borrowed
annual interest rate
the percent of the principal you pay or earn a year
favorable outcome
the outcome you would perfer happen.
probability of an event
number of favorable outcomes divided by total number of possible outcomes
theoretical probability
what should occur in a probability experiment…an experiment is not actually done
experimental probability
probability based on what happens when an experiment is actually done
supplementary angles
angles whose sum is 180 degrees
complimentary angles
angles that add up to 90 degrees
vertical angles
a pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines
perpendicular lines
two lines that intersect to form a right angle
parallel lines
two lines that never intersect
acute triangle
a triangle with 3 acute angles
obtuse triangle
a triangle with one obtuse angle
right triangle
A triangle that has a 90 degree angle.
equilateral triangle
a triangle with three equal sides
isosceles triangle
a triangle with two equal sides
scalene triangle
a triangle with no equal sides
trapezoid
a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
rhombus
a parallelogram with four equal sides
congruent angles
angles with the same measure
reflection
A transformation that “flips” a figure over the x or y axis
line of symmetry
a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other
translation
moves each point in a figure the same distance and direction, the new image is congruent to the original
rotation
a transformation that turns the original figure around the origin 90, 180, or 270 degrees clockwise or counter clockwise
similar figures
figures that have the same shape but different sizes; their angles are congruent and their sides are proportional
scale factor
the number used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
perfect square
a number that has a whole number for a square root ex: 9, 16, 121
irrational number
a number that can not be written a/b
hypotenuse
the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle, also the longest side of a right triangle
legs
the two sides that make up the right angle in a right triangle
Pythagorean Theorem
a²+b²=c²
net
a two-dimensional pattern that forms a three-dimensional solid when formed
surface area
The total area of the 2-dimensional surfaces that make up a 3-dimensional object.
volume
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object
x-intercept
the point where a graph crosses the x-axis
y-intercept
the point where a graph crosses the y-axis
slope
the steepness of a line on a graph, rise over run
slope intercept form
y = mx + b
stem and leaf plot
A data display that shows groups of data arranged in order by place value.
box and whisker plot
a diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and upper and lower extremes.
odds
the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur. Favorable over Unfavorable.
