Algebra vocabulary Flashcards
circle
a closed figure in which all the points on the figure are the same distance from the center
century
one hundred years
acute angle
an angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees
circumference
perimeter of a circle
base
the bottom of a two- or three-dimensional shape, considered as its support
addend
a number being added in an addition problem
chord
a line segment that connects two points on a circle without passing through the center
addend
a number being added in an addition problem
area
the measurement of the interior region of a two-dimensional shape
hexagon
a polygon with six sides
half
one of two equal parts
flip
the change in the position of a figure that is the result of picking it up and turning it over; reflection
gallon
a customary unit of measurement for capacity used for liquids, equal to four quarts
heptagon
a polygon with seven sides
fraction
a part of a whole
height
a dimension of a two- or three-dimensional figure, usually measured perpendicularly from the base to the highest point
greatest common factor
the largest number that divides evenly into two or more numbers
foot
a customary unit of measurement for length, equal to 12 inches
expression
a combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that shows a mathematical relationship
even
divisible by two
edge
the line segment where two faces of a solid meet
equation
the statement of relationship between two quantities, indicated by an equal sign
factor
a number being multiplied in a multiplication problem
equivalent
equal
endpoint
a point that marks one end of a line segment or a ray
equilateral triangle
a triangle in which all sides have the same length
face
the flat surface of a solid figure
denominator
the bottom part of a fraction
diameter
a line segment that passes through the center of a circle that connects two points on the circle
difference
the answer to a subtraction problems
digit
any of the numerals from 0 to 9
dime
coin with a value of 1/10 of a dollar or 10 cents
dividend
the number being divided in a division problem
divisor
the number by which another number is being divided
dollar
a unit of money equal to 100 cents
dozen
a group or set of 12 things
composite number
a number with more than two factors
cone
a solid with a circular base and one vertex
congruent figures
figures that are the same size and shape
cube
a solid having six equal square sides or faces
cup
a customary unit of measurement for capacity, equal to 8 fluid ounces
cylinder
a three-dimensional solid with two circular bases that are parallel to each other
day
a period of 24 hours, from midnight to midnight
decade
ten years
decagon
a polygon with 10 sides
interval
all the numbers that lie within two certain boundaries
imaginary numbers
square roots of negative numbers
integer
a whole number, either positive, negative, or zero
inverse relations
relations where the domain and the range have been inter-changed–switching the coordinates in each ordered pair
inequality
a statement in which the relationships are not equal
incomplete quadratic equation
a quadratic equation with a term missing
indirect variation/inverse variation
when y varies indirectly as x or y is indirectly proportional to x; that is, as x increases, y decreases and as y increases, x decreases
infinite
uncountable; continues forever
intersection of sets
the members that overlap (are in both sets)
F.O.I.L. method
a method of multiplying binomials in whcih first terms, outside terms, inside terms, and last terms are multiplied
graphing method
a method of solving simultaneous equations by graphing each equation on a coordinate graph and finding the common point (intersection)
identity element for multiplication
one; any number multiplied by one gives the original number
half-open interval
an interval that includes one endpoint, or one boundary
factor
to find two or more quantities whose product equals the original quantity
function
a relation in which each element in the domain is paired with exactly one element in the range
identity element for addition
zero; any number added to zero gives the original number
half-plane
the region of a coordinate graph on one side of a boundary line
finite
countable; having a definite ending
proportion
two ratios equal to each other
origin
the point of intersection of the two number lines on a coordinate graph; (0, 0)
quadratic formula
a method of solving quadratic equations
ordinate
the distance along the vertical axis on a coordinate graph
positive multiplication property of inequality
if c > 0, then a >b if, and only if, ac > bc
polynomial
an algebraic expression consisting of two or more terms
quadratic equation
an equation that could be written ax² + bx + c = 0
quadrants
four quarters or divisions of a coordinate graph
ordered pair
any pair of elements (x, y) having a first element x and second element y
open interval
an interval that does not include endpoints or fixed boundaries
null set
a set with no members; an empty set
open half-plane
a half-plane that does not include the boundary line
numerator
everything above the fraction bar in a fraction
open ray
a ray that does not include its endpoint (half line)
number line
a graphic representation of integers and real numbers
numerical coefficient
the number in front of the variable
literal equation
an equation having mostly variables
nonlinear equation
an equation whose solution set does not form a straight line when plotted on a coordinate graph
multiplicative inverse
the reciprocal of the number
linear equation
an equation whose solution set forms a straight line when plotted on a coordinate graph
negative multiplication property of inequality
reverse the inequality sign when multiplying (or dividing) by a negative number
monomial
an algebraic expression consisting of only one term
means
inner terms in a proportion
multiplicative axiom of equality
if a = b and c = d, then ac = bd
whole number
0, 1, 2, 3, and so on
variation
a relationship between a set of values of one variable and a set of values of other variables
x-axis
the horizontal axis in a coordinate graph
y-coordinate
the second number in the ordered pair
vinculum
a line placed over (sometimes under) a digit or group of digits in a repeating decimal fraction to show which digits are repeating
Venn diagram
a pictorial description of sets
y-axis
the vertical axis in a coordinate graph
x-coordinate
the first number in the ordered pair
unknown
a letter or symbol whose value is not known, a variable
transitive axiom of inequality
if a > b and b >c, then a > c. Or if a < b and b < c, then a < c
union of sets
all the numbers in those sets
value
numerical amount
trinomial
an algebraic expression consisting of three terms
variable
a symbol used to stand for a number
universal set
the general category set, or the set of all those elements under consideration
trichotomy axiom of inequality
the only possible relationships between two numbers are: a > b, a = b, or a < b
system of equations
simultaneous equations
subset
a set within a set
square
the result when a number is multiplied by itself
transitive axiom of equality
if a = b and b = c, then a = c
symmetric axiom of equality
if a = b, then b = a
square root
the number that when multiplied by itself gives you the original number
substitution method
a method of solving simultaneous equations that involves substituting one equation into another
term
a numerical or literal expression with its own sign
rule
a method of naming a set by describing its elements
simplify
to combine several or many terms into fewer terms
solution set (or solutions)
all the answers that satisfy the equation
set
a group of objects, numbers, and so forth
roster
a method of naminga set by listing its members
set builder notation
a formal method of describing a set
simultaneous equations (system of equations)
a set of equations with the same unknowns or variables
slope of a line
the ratio of the change in y to the change in x in a linear equation; rise/run
reducing
changing a numerical or algebraic fraction into its lowest terms
ratio
a method of comparing two or more numbers
radical sign
the symbol used to designate square root
repeating decimal
a decimal fraction that continues forever repeating a number or block of numbers
real numbers
the set consisting of all rational and irrational numbers
relation
any set of ordered pairs
range
the set of all second (or y) coordinates from the ordered pairs in a relation
reflexive axiom of equality
for any number a, a = a
