Prayson Normal Histology Flashcards
Substantia Nigra produces
Dopamine
Locus ceruleus produces
Norepinephrine
Raphe nucleus produces
Serotonin
Nucleus basalis of Meynert produces
Acethylcholine
Pigmented Neurons
Substantia Nigra (midbrain), Locus Ceruleus (pons), Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (medulla)
Major cholinergic source
Nucleus basalis of Meynert
Major serotonin source
Raphe nucleus
Major norepinephrine source
Locus ceruleus
Major dopaminergic source
Substantia nigra
Marinesco body
Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, may be multiple within 1 nucleus, promient in pigmented neurons, increase with age. Assoc. w/ Lewy bodies. Derived from nuclear lamins, stain for ubiquitin.
Areas especially sensitive to hypoxia
CA1 hippocampus pyramidal neurons
Neocortex layer 3 and 5 pyramidal neurons
Cerebellar purkinje cells
Hirano bodies
Eosinophilic surfboard shaped cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons, particularly in CA1. Actin and TDP43+. Seen in elderly, AD, Pick’s dx, CJD, and Guam parkinsonism dementia.
Lafora Bodies
PAS/PASD+, polymers of sulfated polysaccharides, formation linked ot aberrant glycogen hyperphosphorylation.
Granulovacular degeneration
CA1 most affected. ubiquitin and tau +. Derived from degredation tau.
Corpora amylacea
Basophilic polyglucosan bodies, associated with astrocytic foot processes, primarily subpial regions
Eosinophilic granular bodies
Chronic astrocytic gliosis, GFAP and aB-crytallin positive.
Creutzfeldt astrocyte
Reactive astrocyte with increased cytoplasm and fragmented nuclear material. Seen in demyelinative processes.
Alzheimer type 1 astrocyte
Large cells with multiple nuclei or irregularly lobulated nuclei, seein progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Alzheimer type II astrocyte
Nuclear swelling and chromatin clearing w/ prominent nucleoli. Seen in basal ganglia is hepatic dx causing elevated ammonia.
Cowdry A
Intranuclear, eosinophilic viral inclusion. Measles (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis), HSV, CMV
Cowdry B
Intranuclear, eosinophilic viral inclusion (smaller than cowdry A). Polio
Coiled bodies
Oligo inclusion, Tau +, partially encircles nucleus. PSP, CBD, FTDP-17
Glial threads
Oligo inclusion, delicated strands of aggregated tau. PSP
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions
Oligo inclusion, curved, filamentous, flame or sickle shaped partially encircling the nucleus of a-synuclein. Ubiquitin and silver +, tau +/-. MSA
Betz cells
giant pyramidal neurons, about 100 μm in dimension, in the 5th cortical neuronal layer in the primary motor cortex. These are upper motor neurons.
Cajal-Retzius neurons
aka horizontal cells of Cajal, are seen in the mantle or marginal zone within the cortical plate. This is a heterogeneous population reelin-producing cells. Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is critical in acting as the stopping signal for radial neuronal migration. Cajal-Retzius neurons can be seen in the developing cerebral cortex and immature hippocampus. In the human cortex, they are the first large neuron to appear in the cortex.
