Prayson Normal Histology

Question 1

Substantia Nigra produces

Answer 1

Dopamine

Question 2

Locus ceruleus produces

Answer 2

Norepinephrine

Question 3

Raphe nucleus produces

Answer 3

Serotonin

Question 4

Nucleus basalis of Meynert produces

Answer 4

Acethylcholine

Question 5

Pigmented Neurons

Answer 5

Substantia Nigra (midbrain), Locus Ceruleus (pons), Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (medulla)

Question 6

Major cholinergic source

Answer 6

Nucleus basalis of Meynert

Question 7

Major serotonin source

Answer 7

Raphe nucleus

Question 8

Major norepinephrine source

Answer 8

Locus ceruleus

Question 9

Major dopaminergic source

Answer 9

Substantia nigra

Question 10

Marinesco body

Answer 10

Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, may be multiple within 1 nucleus, promient in pigmented neurons, increase with age. Assoc. w/ Lewy bodies. Derived from nuclear lamins, stain for ubiquitin.

Question 11

Areas especially sensitive to hypoxia

Answer 11

CA1 hippocampus pyramidal neurons
Neocortex layer 3 and 5 pyramidal neurons
Cerebellar purkinje cells

Question 12

Hirano bodies

Answer 12

Eosinophilic surfboard shaped cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons, particularly in CA1. Actin and TDP43+. Seen in elderly, AD, Pick’s dx, CJD, and Guam parkinsonism dementia.

Question 13

Lafora Bodies

Answer 13

PAS/PASD+, polymers of sulfated polysaccharides, formation linked ot aberrant glycogen hyperphosphorylation.

Question 14

Granulovacular degeneration

Answer 14

CA1 most affected. ubiquitin and tau +. Derived from degredation tau.

Question 15

Corpora amylacea

Answer 15

Basophilic polyglucosan bodies, associated with astrocytic foot processes, primarily subpial regions

Question 16

Eosinophilic granular bodies

Answer 16

Chronic astrocytic gliosis, GFAP and aB-crytallin positive.

Question 17

Creutzfeldt astrocyte

Answer 17

Reactive astrocyte with increased cytoplasm and fragmented nuclear material. Seen in demyelinative processes.

Question 18

Alzheimer type 1 astrocyte

Answer 18

Large cells with multiple nuclei or irregularly lobulated nuclei, seein progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Question 19

Alzheimer type II astrocyte

Answer 19

Nuclear swelling and chromatin clearing w/ prominent nucleoli. Seen in basal ganglia is hepatic dx causing elevated ammonia.

Question 20

Cowdry A

Answer 20

Intranuclear, eosinophilic viral inclusion. Measles (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis), HSV, CMV

Question 21

Cowdry B

Answer 21

Intranuclear, eosinophilic viral inclusion (smaller than cowdry A). Polio

Question 22

Coiled bodies

Answer 22

Oligo inclusion, Tau +, partially encircles nucleus. PSP, CBD, FTDP-17

Question 23

Glial threads

Answer 23

Oligo inclusion, delicated strands of aggregated tau. PSP

Question 24

Glial cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 24

Oligo inclusion, curved, filamentous, flame or sickle shaped partially encircling the nucleus of a-synuclein. Ubiquitin and silver +, tau +/-. MSA

Question 25

Betz cells

Answer 25

giant pyramidal neurons, about 100 μm in dimension, in the 5th cortical neuronal layer in the primary motor cortex. These are upper motor neurons.

Question 26

Cajal-Retzius neurons

Answer 26

aka horizontal cells of Cajal, are seen in the mantle or marginal zone within the cortical plate. This is a heterogeneous population reelin-producing cells. Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is critical in acting as the stopping signal for radial neuronal migration. Cajal-Retzius neurons can be seen in the developing cerebral cortex and immature hippocampus. In the human cortex, they are the first large neuron to appear in the cortex.