Praxis II - FACS Flashcards
Which of the following is a required document to establish employment authorization in the United States when hiring a United States citizen for employment?
A. Social Security Account Number card
B. Driver’s License
C. Credit card account number
D. School transcript
(A)
This question test your knowledge of required documents for establishing employment. A Social Security Account Number card is required by United States citizens to document employment authorization in order to complete I-9 requirements.
(B), (C), and (D) are not required to establish employment authorization.
Oil being heated on the burner of a gas stove at a high setting catches fire. Which of the following is most effective for putting out the fire after turning off the stove?
A. Pouring cold water on the fire
B. Pouring warm water on the fire
C. Covering it with a metal pan or lid
D. Moving the pot and carry it outside
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of kitchen safety. Fire cannot exist in the absence of oxygen. With the lid on (and the heat off), the fire should quickly consume all the oxygen and put itself out. Use a metal lid since glass will shatter. Choices (A) and (B) are incorrect because pouring cold or warm water can cause the oil to splash and spread the fire. The vaporizing water can carry grease particles in it, also spreading the fire. Choice (D) is incorrect. Moving the pot may splash burning oil and cause burns or damage to the kitchen.
Which of the following is the maximum allowable amount of sodium per serving in a packaged food item that claims to be low sodium?
A. 35 mg or less per serving
B. 140 mg or less per serving
C. At least 25% less sodium than the original product
D. At least 50% less sodium than the original product
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of terms food companies use to describe packaged foods. Packaged food with the label of “low sodium” contains 140 mg (milligrams) or less per serving. None of the choices except (B) correctly describes the “low sodium” label.
Which of the following methods best prevents cross-contamination when preparing meats and vegetables?
A. Using the same cutting board for both
B. Using opposite sides of a cutting board
C. Working with separate cutting boards
D. Placing a towel under a cutting board
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of the benefits of keeping meats and vegetables separate to avoid cross-contamination. None of the choices except (C) describes the best method to use to avoid cross-contamination.
Which of the following best describes a restaurant at which all menu items are prices individually?
A. A’la carte
B. Banquet
C. Table d’hôtel
D. Buffet
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of menus. A la carte is a menu or list that prices food individually. Choice (B) is incorrect because a banquet is an elaborate meal for numerous people. Choice (C) is incorrect because a table d’hôtel menu is a menu containing a complete meal with a limited number of courses to choose from at a fixed total price. Choice (D) is incorrect because a buffet is a meal consisting of several dishes that guests serve themselves.
Which of the following reactions results in the addition of a nutty flavor and brown coloring to food during the cooking process?
A. Fermentation
B. Degradation
C. Denaturation
D. Caramelization
(D)
This question tests your knowledge of the caramelization process. Caramelization is a type of nonenzymatic browning reaction that causes the addition of a nutty flavor and brown color. Choice (A) is incorrect because fermentation is the conversion of a carbohydrate into an acid or alcohol. Choice (B) is incorrect because degradation happens when foods containing starch are cooked, the heat breaks the glycosidic bonds linking the glucose units together that results in a natural sweetness to cooked food. Choice (C) is incorrect because the denaturation of protein molecules in foods usually causes substantial change to the texture of the food.
Which of the following foundational theorists is known for developing the concept of introverted and extroverted personalities?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Erik Erikson
C. Carl Jung
D. Abraham Maslow
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of the founder of the school of analytical psychology, Carl Gustav Jung. None of the choices except (C) correctly identifies the foundational theorist who proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.
In the study of food science, matter is categorized into which of the following groups?
A. Mixtures and pure substances
B. Elements and compounds
C. Atoms and particles
D. Homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures
(A)
This question tests your knowledge that matter can be divided into two categories, mixtures and pure substances. None of the choices except (A) describes how matter can be divided into categories.
A family of five wants to purchase a four-bedroom single-family home in close proximity to schools, parks, shopping, and the parents’ workplaces. Which of the following factors is primarily influencing the family’s housing choice?
A. Cost
B. Credit score
C. Resale value
D. Location
(D)
This question tests your knowledge of location as one of the most important factors when making housing choices, and the question refers to the specific placement of the home in close proximity to educational facilities, transportation, recreation, and shopping. Choices (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because cost, credit score, and resale value are not the factors being considered in the question.
Which of the following is considered a rapidly renewable material?
A. Asphalt
B. Bamboo
C. Leather
D. Plexiglass
(B)
This question tests you knowledge of rapidly renewable materials. Bamboo is considered a rapidly renewable material because it has a harvest cycle of less than 10 years. Choice (A) is incorrect because asphalt is not a rapidly renewable material; it is petroleum based. Choice (C) is incorrect because leather is not considered a rapidly renewable material because the animals used to produce leather are harmed during harvest. Choice (D) is incorrect because plexiglass is not a rapidly renewable material; it is petroleum based.
The three basic types of woven fabrics are primarily known as plain, twill, and
A. applied
B. satin
C. pile
D. felt
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of the three basic weave types, plain, twill, and satin, which differ from one another in number and arrangement of weft and warp yarns. None of the choices except (B) correctly describes weave types.
A natural fiber, manufactured mainly in Europe known for being durable, lustrous, smooth, and useful in the production of a wide variety of apparel is called
A. nylon
B. polyester
C. linen
D. wool
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of the natural fiber linen that is manufactured mainly in Europe and used to produce a wide variety of apparel. Choices (A) and (B) are incorrect because nylon and polyester are synthetic fibers made from materials such as petroleum-based chemicals or petrochemicals. Choice (D) is incorrect because wool is a protein fiber from the hair or fleece of sheep and lambs that comes mainly from Australia and New Zealand, but is also produced in the United States.
A school required students to wear a uniform consisting of blue slacks and an orange shirt. The color scheme of the uniform is best described as
A. analogous
B. complementary
C. monochromatic
D. triadic
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of basic color theory. Colors that are opposite to each other on the color wheel, such as blue and orange, are considered complementary colors. Choice (A) is incorrect because an analogous color scheme uses adjacent, or related, colors on the color wheel. The combination of yellow, yellow-green, and green is an analogous color scheme with three hues. Choice (C) is incorrect because a monochromatic color scheme uses different tints, shades, and intensities of one color. A pale green shirt with darker green slacks is an example of a monochromatic color scheme. Choice (D) is incorrect because a triadic color scheme combines three colors equally dispersed on the wheel, such as red, yellow, and blue.
Ms. Long plans for her culturally diverse students to work together to create stories about various kinds of families. She has each student add one sentence about his or her own family, and she records the student’s sentence on the board. Which of the following is most likely the teacher’s focus?
A. Using a strategy to foster language development to meet the diverse needs of the students
B. Integrating multiple sources of information while evaluating the credibility of each source
C. Examining practices and beliefs that affect the inclusion of learning activities in the classroom
D. Exploring the use of developmentally appropriate classroom resources that promote diversity
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of strategies that foster language development to meet the diverse needs of students. The teacher is using a language experience approach to meet the needs of all students by allowing them to share their stories. The activity provides students an opportunity to hear the diverse backgrounds of others while participating and gives them an opportunity to see the words written on the board during the discussion. Choice (B) is incorrect because the teacher is not evaluating the credibility and accuracy. The teacher should have evaluated the credibility and accuracy before introducing the source to the students. Choice (C) is incorrect because the teacher should have already examined practices that include learning diversities in an early childhood setting. Choice (D) is incorrect because the teacher should have already investigated developmentally appropriate classroom resources, lessons, and activities that meets the diverse needs of students.
Which of the following hand stitches is generally used to sew closed the final opening on a pillow, close a small tear, or close a lining?
A. Slip stitch
B. Overcast stitch
C. Catch stitch
D. Rolled-hem stitch
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of hand stitches. A slip stitch is used for bindings, to close a lining, or for the final stitches on a stuffed pillow. Choice (B) is incorrect because the overcast stitch (sometimes called a whip stitch) is used to finish cut edges on fabrics that tend to ravel, such as linens and gabardines. Choice (C) is incorrect because a catch stitch is not a commonly used hand-sewing technique taught to middle or secondary school students. Choice (D) is incorrect because a rolled-hem stitch is not a hand stitch but is a stitch made by a serger.
Ms. Turner wants to introduce her ninth-grade students to resumes. Which of the following is the best activity to begin the learning sequence?
A. In teams, the students compare and contrast great, good, and poor resumes
B. The students create a template on a computer to establish margins and headers.
C. In groups, the students create a resume for a famous person.
D. The students listen to a podcast from a business leader on the components that make a resume stand out.
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of best practices for resume writing. Once students have completed their analysis of the resumes, the teacher will instruct students in best practices for resume writing. Choice (B) is incorrect because creating a template to establish margins and headers contains technical skills for an assignment for which the rationale or components have not been provided. Choice (C) is incorrect because ninth-grade students most likely do not know the components of a resume which is needed to generate for a person, famous or not. Choice (D) is incorrect because ninth-grade students most likely will not be engaged by a podcast from an adult who is in a career that the students may or may not be interested in pursuing.
Which of the following parenting styles is best described as establishing rules and guidelines for children while responsive to their questions, thoughts, and ideas?
A. Authoritarian
B. Authoritative
C. Permissive
D. Uninvolved
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of parenting styles. The authoritative parenting style is defined as democratic in nature with established rules and guidelines for children, but parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions and ideas and supply reasoning for the rules and guidelines. Choice (A) is incorrect because authoritarian parents believe that children are, by nature, strong-willed and self-indulgent and that a parent’s primary job is to bend that will of the child to that of authority. Choice (C) is incorrect because permissive parents are sometimes referred to as indulgent parents with very few demands made on their children. Parents rarely discipline because of relatively low expectations for rules and guidelines for their children’s behavior. Choice (D) is incorrect because the uninvolved parenting style is characterized by parents having few demands, low responsiveness, and a lack of communication. While the parents fulfill the child’s basic needs, they are generally detached from his or her life.
The National Standards from the National Association of Teacher Educators for Family and Consumer Sciences (NATEFACS) prescribes that FCS teachers engage in ethical professional practices. The ethical perspectives model is presented as a means for FCS teachers to promote extensive reflection in decision making regarding ethical predicaments. Which of the following best describes the central focus of the model?
A. Community
B. Family
C. Individual
D. Profession
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of the ethical perspectives model. The central focus of the ethical perspectives model dictates that, when arriving at an ethical decision, the primary consideration should be the best interest of the individual or student, with an understanding of the family and community and their dynamic relationships to the student. The model encourages a focus on the individual, then family, then community. Choice (A) is incorrect because community is a tertiary consideration after the individual and then family. Choice (B) is incorrect because family is a secondary consideration after the individual. Choice (D) is incorrect because the ethical perspectives model contains an ethic of profession, but the central focus of the four ethical perspectives are the best interest of the individual.
The establishment in 1909 of the American Home Economics Association, now known as the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, is attributed to Dr. Ellen Swallow Richards and her involvement in the
A. Rumford Kitchen at the 1893 World’s Fair
B. development of the Morrill Act of 1862
C. National Woman’s Rights Convention of 1850
D. Lake Placid Conference in 1889
(D)
This question tests your knowledge of the foundation of family and consumer sciences. Beginning in 1889, Ellen Richards helped organize a series of ten annual conferences that became known as the Lake Placid Conferences. At the first conference, participants agreed on the term “home economics” to define a broad range of disciplines and scientific studies being discussed. Choice (A) is incorrect because Ellen Richards’ Rumford Kitchen at the 1893 World’s Fair was after the first Lake Placid Conference and was more related to her desire to provide “nutrition for the masses.” Choice (B) is incorrect because the Morrill Act of 1862 propelled domestic science further ahead as land grant colleges sought to educate farmwives in running their households. Choice (C) is incorrect because the National Woman’s Rights Convention of 1850 was held and led by Lucy Stone.
A child in which of the following age groups is most likely to display temper tantrums?
A. Infant
B. Toddler
C. Preschool
D. Grade school
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of child development. A child in the toddler age group. between the ages of 1 and 2, most likely to display a tantrum. A tantrum is an expression of frustration with the challenges of the moment, often from the child not having the vocabulary to express his or her feelings. Choice (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because although a child in these age groups, could display a temper tantrum, a child in the toddler age group is most likely to display a temper tantrum.
Early childhood curriculum and assessment guidelines recommend that young children, ages 3 through 8, learn best through active, hands-on, interactive teaching and
A. rote memorization
B. cooperative learning
C. visual learning
D. drill practice
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of educational research on early childhood curriculum and assessment guidelines. The guidelines call for greater emphasis on active, hands-on learning using meaningful and relevant learning experiences, interactive teaching, and cooperative learning. Choice (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect because national early childhood organizations unanimously agree that memorization, drill and practice, teacher lecture, and repetitive seatwork are-undesirable techniques to use with young children.
Which of the following most accurately describes the liability of a credit cardholder for unauthorized charges made on a credit card, as specified by federal law?
A. The cardholder has full liability for unauthorized use.
B. The cardholder’s liability is limited to $50.
C. The cardholder’s liability is limited to charges made within 72 hours of notifying the company of loss or theft.
D. The cardholder has full liability unless the unauthorized user is convicted of fraud.
(B)
This question tests your knowledge of federal consumer law regarding credit cards. Federal law states that the liability for each credit card lost or stolen is $50 for any fraudulent charges. Choice (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect because the credit cardholder is not fully liable for unauthorized use, regardless of the time frame or a fraud conviction.
In middle school financial literacy class, a teacher is planning a lesson for students on the decision-making process when making a purchase. If one of the course objectives is to draw on the students’ likely interests and experiences, planning which of the following purchases will be most appropriate?
A. Audio equipment
B. Furniture
C. Gardening equipment
D. Kitchen appliances
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of planning lessons to motivate and engage students. Students are most likely to have an interest in audio equipment, which makes it the most appropriate purchase for the decision-making lesson. Choice (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect because students are not likely to be interested in purchasing furniture, gardening equipment, or kitchen appliances.
Which of the following types of loans typically charges the highest interest rate of consumers?
A. Auto
B. Mortgage
C. Payday
D. Student
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of consumer loan products. A cash advance, also called a payday loan, is short-term loan, generally for $500 or less, that is typically due on the next scheduled payday. The finance charge in states that do not limit payday loan interest may be from $10 to $30 for every $100 borrowed, which equates to an APR of almost 400%. Many states are capping the cost of a payday loan through criminal usury laws to protect consumers. Choice (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because a payday loan, or a cash advance, typically carries a higher interest rate than traditional banking products, such as mortgages, student loans, and auto loans.
A family and consumer sciences teacher wants to use a student-centered instructional approach when teaching the class about how health issues affect society, with a focus on food choices. Which of the following students activities will best meet the teacher’s goal?
A. Preparing a pamphlet that correlates food and health
B. Listening to a guest speaker discuss nutrition and health
C. Viewing video clips on nutrition and health
D. Reading printed materials on food and health
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of student-centered instruction as an instructional approach in which students influence the content, activities, materials, and pace of learning. Choice (B) is incorrect because the students are listening to a lecture. Choice (C) is incorrect because there is no focus of activity to the learner. Choice (D) is incorrect because the students are not really engaged in any active learning in which they solve a problem or formulate questions on their own.
Which of following United States agencies is a nationwide system of local organizations supported by business that investigates customer complaints of dishonest business practices?
A. Chamber of Commerce
B. Small Business Administration
C. Better Business Bureau
D. Bureau of Industry and Security
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of laws and policies to protect the consumer. The Better Business Bureau is a nationwide system of local organizations, supported by businesses, that investigates customer complaints of dishonest business practices. Choice (A) is incorrect because the United States Chamber of Commerce works to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks that can result in a business-to-business exchange. Choice (B) is incorrect because the Small Business Administration is a United States government agency that provides counseling to small business in order to promote and strengthen the overall economy. Choice (D) is incorrect because the Bureau of Industry and Security advances United States national security, foreign policy, and economic objectives by ensuring an effective system of export control and treaty compliance and by promoting strategies for the United States to continue as a world leader in technology.
Which of the following communication patterns best helps to maintain a healthy interpersonal relationship?
A. Agreeing with the other person to avoid conflict
B. Using reason and logic to explain why the other person is wrong
C. Focusing on where to place blame when discussing a conflict
D. Expressing feelings and needs in a reciprocal manner
(D)
This question tests your knowledge of the role of communication in interpersonal relationships. Communication is a healthy interpersonal relationship involves expressing feelings and needs in a reciprocal manner. Choice (A) is incorrect because placing typically does not lead to an authentically healthy relationship. Choice (B) is incorrect because healthy communication includes respect for the opinions and feelings of others. Choice (C) is incorrect because focusing on blame is an unhealthy pattern of communication.
Which of the following is the average age range during which an infant’s natural reflexes, such as grasping and rooting, disappear?
A. 3-4 months
B. 5-6 months
C. 7-8 months
D. 9-10 months
(A)
This question tests your knowledge of developmental milestones in human development. A reflex is a natural, unlearned behavior, and reflexes such as grasping and rooting disappear between 3 to 4 months when the muscles become stronger. Choice (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect because an infant’s natural reflexes such as grasping and rooting disappear between 3 to 4 months of age, not during the ages ranges listed in choices (B), (C), and (D).
Which of the following extrinsic factors contribute to the spoilage of food?
A. the moisture content of the product before preparation is high, and total salt content is relatively low.
B. Biological structures within the item permit the entry of salmonella and staphylococcus, which then multiply and grow.
C. The temperature of the product is within the growth range of microorganisms, and the age of the product exceeds its shelf life.
D. Nutritional content within the item is low in amino acids or potassium, and tests indicate inadequate acidity.
(C)
This question tests your knowledge of the extrinsic factors that are related to the food environment; temperature and time are the prevailing causes of food spoilage. Choice (A) is incorrect. Moisture and salt contents are intrinsic rather than extrinsic factors that can contribute to microbial growth in food. Choice (B) is incorrect. Biological structures within food items are intrinsic factors that can make microbial growth in food more likely. Choice (D) is incorrect. Nutrient content and acidity are intrinsic factors, and nutrient content that is typically higher tends to be more susceptible microbial growth.
To end a financial-literacy unit on cars and loans, a family and consumer sciences teacher wants to design a practical problem-based assessment for students. Which of the following project topics will best meet the teacher’s goal?
A. Researching the reliability of a particular model of car
B. Investigating financing options for a particular model of car
C. Analyzing the factors that determine the interest rate for car loans
D. Calculating the total cost of a car loan and monthly payments
(D)
This question tests your knowledge of how to design a practical problem-based assessment for students by calculating the total cost of a car loan and monthly payment. Choice (A) is incorrect because researching the reliability of a particular model of car is a task to do before purchasing the car. Choice (B) is incorrect because shopping for financing on a car loan is a step to take before calculating the total cost of the loan. Choice (C) is incorrect because comparing various vehicle financing costs across multiple sources is important step to take before purchasing a vehicle.
The synthetic woodwork finish that creates the most durable surface is
Polyurethane, because of it’s opaque finish
Swiss psychiatrist and founder of the school of analytical psychology. Proposed introverted and extroverted personalities.
Carl Jung
Who developed how personality develops through a series of stages. Experiences in childhood profoundly affect a person’s adult life
Sigmund Frued
Who developed how children go through four stages of learning and must be given learning tasks appropriate to their level of development.
Jean Piaget
Who developed how people have a hierarchy of needs. They can only develop to their fullest if their needs are met, physical and safety needs must be met before higher needs such as love, esteem, creativity, and morality can be addressed.
Abraham Maslow
Who developed how there are eight stages of development infancy, early childhood, preschool, school age, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and maturity. In each stage, a crisis or conflict must be solved.
Erik Erikson
Who focused on adult development. Each person has a life structure, which is the underlying pattern of life at any one time. These patterns change about once a decade as people grow and develop throughout their adult lives.
Daniel Levinson
A nutrient your body uses to build and repair body tissue?
Protein
A type of fat that are usually in solid form at room temperature and found mostly in animal products such as meat, milk, cheese, and butter?
Saturated fats
A type of fat formed when food manufacturers turn liquid oils into solid fats in a process known as hydrogenation?
Trans fats
A type of fat that are usually in liquid form at room temperature and are found mainly in oils from vegetables, nuts, and seeds?
Unsaturated fats
Emphasis on intellectual skills. (example: creating a personal budget)
Cognitive objective
Emphasis on managing emotions and consulting taste. (example: selecting drapes or restraining consumer impulses)
Affective objective
Emphasis on physical activity. (example: loading a shopping cart)
Psychomotor objective
What type of objectives is involved in arranging furniture?
Affective and Psychomotor since it requires physical activity and aesthetic sense.
Accepting a stepparent is hard for which stage of development?
Adolescent girls
What is the first step a person should take after a divorce?
Accepting the marriage is over
How long does it take to accept divorce entirely?
2 years
According to John Gottam what is the best response to criticism by a spouse?
Humor
What percentage of a buyers income is considered a risky loan?
40% of the buyers income
The maximum percentage of income a family should spend on housing?
25%
In Piagets model, this is the stage where the ability to imagine the mental ives of other emerges.
Preoperational stage
The process through which a person comes to think of themselves as a distinct person despite being a member of a family.
Individuation
Who are agrarian societies more likely to live with?
Extended families
What is an extended family comprised of?
More than one adult couple
Societies in which people tend the same land for their entire lives.
Agrarian society
One adult couple and their children.
Nuclear families
Who are people more likely to live with in modern, industrial, urban, and nomadic societies?
Nuclear families
When does having a child have damaging effect on job satisfaction?
When you have a newborn. Children between the ages of 2 and 4 have little to no effect on job satisfaction.
When is sibling rivalry most pronounced?
Same sex siblings within three years of age.
Most research suggests what about adult relationships between siblings?
Simply exaggerate the tone of the relationship of the youth. That is good relationships get better and bad ones get worse.
Who earns lower wages married or single women?
Married women earn lower wages. Because they are more likely to be raising children, so less likely focused on professional development.
What is the general trend when comparing married people to single?
Married people are healthier, wealthier, and more content. Married men are less likely to abuse alcohol and drugs, and less likely to be depressed. Married women are healthier and report satisfaction with their home lives.
Despite reports about the decline or rearrange, and overwhelming majority of Americans will?
Marry at least once during their lives
What is important in family communication?
The consent and style of communication
In what development stage do we find the greatest amount of variation between people of the same age?
Found during early adolescence
When two conflicting parties agree to rely on the advice of a supposedly impartial third party. (example: when two children settle a dispute according their mother’s opinion)
Arbitration
A method of settling disputes in which the conflicting parties are simply asked to meet and converse, with the idea that the resolution will naturally occur as a result of the meeting.
Conciliation
The conflicting parties decide to enlist the aid of an impartial third party as they attempt to settle their differences. The parties in mediation do not agree to follow the advice of the third party.
Mediation
Where the person who has been wronged gets some kind of compensation from the wrongdoer. When parents force one sibling to apologize they are essentially using this……..
Restorative justice system
How does a working mother effect her children?
Children with working mothers in general have more self esteem.
During times of conflict what will family member do?
Family members will take sides to consolidate power.
The idea that family life is a series of actions and reactions. Emphasizes patterns of behavior that lock family members into their roles, therefore inhibiting their personal growth.
Milan systematic family therapy
What’s a drawback of inpatient treatment of alcoholism?
It’s expensive. They are often not covered by health insurance.
Pros of inpatient treatment of alcoholism?
70% of participants stay sober for at least 5 years.
A hardship a person encounters while trying to fulfill the socially accepted requirements of a role? (example: a new teacher struggling to maintain authority)
Role strain
An eight year old with the mental age of a 10 year old is likely to have an IQ of what?
125
How do measure IQ?
Divide mental age by actual age and then multiply by 100
What is the average IQ?
100
In this stage a person recognizes the need for a change but is not yet prepared to take action. This is the 2nd stage in the model of change. (example: a student whose interest level and performance have steadily declined and admits to his teacher that he is depressed, but is not willing to do anything to remedy the problem)
Transtheoretical model of change: Contemplation stage
Stage 1: Precontemplation; the person does not yet recognize that he or she has a problem
Stage 2: Contemplation; recognizes but not yet prepared to take action
Stage 3: Preparation; the person are ready to take action within the next 30 days
Stage 4: Action; the person has recently changed their behavior
Stage 5: Maintenance; the person has sustained their behavior change for more than 6 months
Stage 6: Termination; the person has no desire to return to their unhealthy behavior
Transtheoretical model of Change Stages
When will an infant begin echolalia?
Starting at about nine months
Crying, cooing, babbling, echolalia, holophrastic speech, and telegraphic speech is what steps in language?
Steps in language acquisition
At what language development stage does a nine month infant starts nonsensically imitating adult speech?
Echolalia
At what language development stage does a six to eight week infant begin to display a vowel intensive warbling sound?
Cooing
At what language development stage over the first few months of life does an infant develop different cries to express different emotions?
Crying
At what language development stage do babies use single words to communicate more complex ideas?
Holophrastic speech
At what language development stage between 18-24 months will the child use combinations of words that make sense together?
Telegraphic speech
What is a major criticism of Levinson’s seasons of life model?
It overstates the importance of a mid-life crisis
What model is the Four major periods of life infancy to adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood?
Levinson’s Seasons of Life Model
What are warning signs of teen depression?
They tend to withdraw and will not be likely to take on a new hobby. Instead, they loose interest in activities that previously engaged them.
Is depression hereditary?
Yes, thought to be
A fundamental difference in the treatment of people who inhabit different roles. (example: teachers and doctors are treated differently by society. or students who excel in math receive different treatment than students who excel in English)
Horizontal socialization
The different treatment individuals receive when they occupy different class positions. Wealthy people are socialized differently than poor people.
Vertical socialization
The intentional adjustment of a persons socialization.
Resocialization
The relinquishing of a previously held role. All people are involved in a constant process of this as they are constantly casting off roles and taking on new ones.
Desocialization
What model by Daniel Goleman describes self awareness, empathy, personal motivation, altruism, and the ability to love and be loved?
Five Areas of Emotional Intelligence
How can you improve emotional intelligence?
By cultivating self expression and learning to listen to ones conscience.
What developing country has the highest rate of teen pregnancies?
The U.S.
An effective time management plan encourages students to….
do their most difficult tasks first
What is the four different leadership styles by Hersey and Blanchard?
Telling, Delegating, Selling, and Participating
What leadership style emphasizes the performance of tasks and ignores the development of positive relations? (example: such leader is likely to micromanage, often to annoyance)
Telling
What leadership style shows little commitment to either task performance or relationship building. (example: such leader passes off authority)
Delegating
What leadership style heavily involved with both task performance and the building of relationships. (example: such leader is constantly engaged with his or her subordinates, helping them and keeping them motivated)
Selling
What leadership style is not involved in tasks but is very invested in his or her relationships with subordinates. (example: such leader rarely asserts authority of the group)
Participating
What is the best decision making system for a family?
A combination of discussion and parental leadership.
What is it called when a group will often make more extreme decisions than any one member would make independently?
Group polarization
What is it called when views are being aired openly?
Organizational conflict
What is it called when the presence of others encourages a person to work harder?
Social facilitation
What is it called when the suppression of reason happens in the interest of maintaining group cohesion?
Groupthink
What is the difference between Groupthink and Group polarization?
Groupthink does not result in extreme decisions.
What is it called when people do not work as hard in a group, because they feel their contributions will not be respected?
Social loafing
What is it called when a company increases the amount of work time per day but decreases the number of days?
Improves employee satisfaction but no correlation to employee performance.
Compressed workweek
A five year old is to young to complete what chore?
Mop the floor.
When making a schedule children should be encouraged to…
Include some free time and place the hardest tasks first.
Drop in child care is useful for…
When a family’s regular child care provider is unavailable.
Disadvantage of dealing with consumer finance companies…
They charge high interest rates on the money lent.
Most common employer of high school students?
Restaurants
What was the Consumer Rights asserted by Presidents Kennedy and Nixon in the 1960’s?
Five Essential Consumer Rights:
1. The right to a safe product
2. The right to redress (refund)
3. The right to be heard
4. The right to be informed
5. The right to choose
What kind of expense is made at the discretion of the consumer? (example: such consumer has the most control of these expenses…DVD’s)
Discretionary money
What is the typical interval for a budget?
Monthly
What does APR stand for?
Annual percentage rate
How do you calculate accruing interest?
Multiply average balance by the APR (change from percentage to decimal).
How many daycare facilities should a parent visit before making a decision?
At least three daycare facilities.
What is a type of corporate bond that is secured only by the assets and earnings of the corporation?
Debenture bonds
What type of bond uses the stock and bonds of other companies as collateral?
Collateral trust bond
