practice test for final Flashcards
The modern ear of PH began ___ yr
1850
Earliest written record in ancient Societies concerning PH was ___
- None of the above
the miasmas theory of contagious dx was known in:___
nineteeth century
Prevalence rates are calculated by dividing all current cases of a dx (old and new) by the total population: T/F
false
dividing ALL cases/ total pop at risk
Name (3) examples of zoonoses
lyme dx
plague
rabies
(measles is not a zoonose)
AIDS, gonorrhea, and syphilis are examples for dx for which transmission: ___
direct
direct is usually sexual
Process of lodgement and growth of a microorganism or virus in the host is called___
Infection
What type of epidemiology study is designed to anser the questions who, when, and where?
descriptive
Crude death rates would be expected to be higher in a ___ pop
older
crude rate: demonomator includes the total population
The value that divide a seres into defined percentages: ___
median
In a series of date, the sum of the squarred deviations from the mean divided by the number values minus one: ___
variance
In a standard distribution curve, the most occuring value in a series of values is ___
mode
The ability of a screening test to identify correctly those who have the dx ___
specificity
Data can be derived from a total population or a sample. When the population sampling units and a
random sample of individuals is chosen from each … sampling is this?
stratified selected sample
Marine Hospital Service which became The US Public Health Service started in:
1789
Regard to the impact they have on the health of the community, and what kind of factors do
geography, the environment, community size, and industrial development represent?
physical
Which of the periods in the history of community and public health in known as the “Spiritual Era
of Public Health”?
middle ages
The germ theory of disease was proposed in 1863 by___
Louis pasteur
Which of the following are NOT biological causative agents? * fungi and metazoa o viruses and ricketttaise o pesticides and food addtives o bacteria and protozoa o all of the above are correct
pesticides and food addtives
What is the correct order of the chain of infection for transmission of a disease from one person to
another?
pathogen - reservoir- portal of exit - transmission- portal of entry- establishment
Tuberculosis and influenza are examples of _____diseases.
airborne
Place in order of cause of most deaths to least deaths, the three leading causes of death in the
United States:
coronary heart dx
cancer
stroke
Breast and testicular self examinations,
the hemocult test, and the Pap test are all examples of:
secondary prevention
Which of the following is (are) modifiable risk factors?
smoking and lack of exercise
Epidemiology has sometimes been referred to as:
population medicine
Diseases for which the reservoir resides in animal populations are called____
zoonose
The term used to describe a widespread occurrence of a disease ( in more than…) one country
pandemic
is a special incidence rate calculated for a particular population outbreak (used during an epidemic)
and expressed as a percent.
attack rate
Which of the following is a measure of the severity of a disease and is calculated as the … death
due to a certain disease divided by the number of cases of the same disease and is … as a percent?
case fatality rate
What type of epidemic curve suggests person to person transmission or propagated common
source?
epidemic curve type II (propagated)
Retrospective (case control) studies and prospective (cohort) studies and considered what type of epidemiological studies?
analytical
Inspection of restaurants is the task of the:
local health department
Agency responsible for correcting communicable diseases in the USA, and for monitoring …
around the world, promoting health, and preventing disease is the:
CDC
What types of health care agencies are funded by the government?
public
● The geographic area that a public health agency is responsible for is called a:
catchment
Which organization administers the Head Start program?
administration for children and families
The largest international public health agency in the world is
WHO
Which agency administers health insurance programs for seniors and the poor?
Centers for medicare and medicaid services
Which agency attempts to provide doctors in underserved areas?
health resources and services and administrations
Which agencies primary function is to promote health research?
NIH
Responsibility for regulating professional competency rests at the___ level?
state
Which of the following promotes the strongest immune response?
attenuated pathogens
Healthcare workers appear to have benefited particularly by the vaccine:
Hepatitis B
Adjuvants are often added to vaccines to:
induce a stronger immune rxn
Thimerosa, a preservative used in vaccines, is controversial because it contains:
mercury
Skipping vaccinations can be particularly dangerous for children who
traveling in developing countries
Which factor is most correlated to undervaccinated
children in the US?
lack of health insurance
The biggest benefit of herd immunity against a disease is that it:
protects children who cannot be immunized
Which vaccine is not recommended for adults over 55?
HPV
Meningitis vaccine is particularly recommended for:
college students living in dorms
