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anatomy & physio > practice test ch 3 > Flashcards

practice test ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division?

A

Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell’s genes can be passed on to each of its offspring.

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2
Q

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has the exactly same genetic composition.

A

True

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3
Q

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

A

the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

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4
Q

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

A

phagocytosis

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5
Q

Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell?

A

cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus

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6
Q

Which cellular organelle is seen in this figure?

A

a mitochondrion

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7
Q

Which of the following would be an example of the process taking place at B?

A

the binding of a chemical messenger activating a cytoplasmic enzyme, such as kinase, that leads to specific cellular responses

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8
Q

Molecule B and molecule C are expected to interact within which of the following cellular locations?

A

ribosome

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9
Q

Babies with Tay-Sachs disease cannot be treated by injecting the missing enzyme into their blood because_________.

A

the enzyme functions only in lysosomes and not in the blood

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10
Q

What is the genetic material at B?

A

DNA wound around histone proteins

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11
Q

The movement of water across the plasma membrane can be described by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A

carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion.

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12
Q

Drinking alcohol makes the blood hypertonic. Which option best describes the consequences of this hypertonic blood?

A

Hypertonic blood draws water out of the interstitial fluid, which makes the interstitial fluid hypertonic. This, in turn, draws water out of the cells.

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13
Q

Beta cells in the pancreas produce and secrete the protein hormone insulin. You would expect to see a relatively large amount of which organelles in these cells?

A

Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to _________.

A

changes in the environment

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15
Q

A cell engulfing a relatively large particle will likely utilize ________.

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

A

The cells will lose water and shrink.

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17
Q

Why is it necessary for glucose to be pumped into the cell rather than diffusing in?

A

Glucose may have to be moved against a concentration gradient.

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18
Q

Which of the following correctly states the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesis of the cell’s membranes

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19
Q

synthesis of the cell’s membranes

A

They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.

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20
Q

In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized.

A

T

21
Q

The nucleolus __________.

A

is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell

22
Q

Each number above molecule B refers to a codon. If an RNA codon was UAG, what would the corresponding DNA codon be?

A

ATC

23
Q

Mitosis ________.

A

is division of the genetic material within the nucleus

24
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.

25
Q

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

A

tRNA

26
Q

Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell?

A

microvilli

27
Q

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

28
Q

You observe a small, nonpolar molecule near a membrane. How would this molecule likely transport across the membrane?

A

simple diffusion

29
Q

How do unsaturated phospholipid fatty acid tails affect plasma membrane fluidity?

A

More unsaturated fatty acids means less tightly packed phospholipids, resulting in greater membrane fluidity.

30
Q

What is a function of the enzyme indicated by structure A?

A

breaking the bonds between complementary base pairs

31
Q

Which of the following is LEAST like the other three?

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

A

glycolipids in the glycocalyx

33
Q

What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

A

Active transport is ATP dependent, whereas passive transport uses only the kinetic energy of the particles for movement across the plasma membrane.

34
Q

What is the force driving all of these transport mechanisms?

A

diffusion down a concentration gradient

35
Q

The structure at letter C is located within what area of this structure?

A

the matrix

36
Q

Which letter is pointing to an mRNA molecule?

A

B

37
Q

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but not in any other cells in the body.

A

F

38
Q

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A

melanin

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

A

help in the formation of cell membranes

40
Q

Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane that creates a chemical barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell?

A

phospholipids

41
Q

Colchicine is a drug that can prevent the formation of microtubules. Which is the most likely affect colchicine would have on cell division?

A

It will arrest mitosis by preventing the formation of spindle microtubules.

42
Q

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A

UGCAA

43
Q

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

A

swell and burst

44
Q

What is the specific role of the enzyme indicated by B during the formation of the new DNA strands?

A

joining the nucleotides that form the new DNA strand

45
Q

The membrane-bound compartment indicated by structure D contains which of the following?

A

hydrolytic enzymes

46
Q

Osmosis is the passive movement of water but it follows almost completely opposite laws of physics when compared to the diffusion of ions or other small particles

A

F

47
Q

Introns represent a genome scrap yard that provides DNA segments for genome evolution and a variety of small RNA molecules.

A

True

48
Q

Which of the following will NOT speed up the net rate of diffusion for glucose into a cell?

A

Decreasing the number of phospholipids in the plasma membrane

49
Q

Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts the transport of solute molecules across the membrane?

A

A

anatomy & physio (4 decks)

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