practice test ch 2

Question 1

Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?

Answer 1

Water acts as a reactant.

Question 2

Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?

Answer 2

Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.

Question 3

In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?

Answer 3

a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte

Question 4

Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?

Answer 4

chloride

Question 5

Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?

Answer 5

pH of 3

Question 6

Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?

Answer 6

steroid

Question 7

Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?

Answer 7

polar covalent bonds

Question 8

Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?

Answer 8

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Question 9

Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?

Answer 9

Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?

Answer 10

Two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas.

Question 11

In a covalent bond,

Answer 11

Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Question 12

Covalent bonds:

Answer 12

involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?

Answer 13

The electrons are shared unequally.

Question 14

A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

Answer 14

polar covalent bonds

Question 15

Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?

Answer 15

valence electrons

Question 16

Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?

Answer 16

No, because the atoms have only 6 valence electrons, but need 8 for stability.

Question 17

Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. Are they likely to react with other atoms, and why or why not?

Answer 17

Yes, because they can become more stable by doing so.

Question 18

Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?

Answer 18

atoms

Question 19

Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 19

protons and neutrons

Question 20

Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom’s mass number but not its atomic number?

Answer 20

neutrons

Question 21

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particle does it contain?

Answer 21

8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons

Question 22

Blood loss due to a moderate hemorrhage has several adverse effects on patient wellbeing. Why would administering IV fluids alone not be sufficient to return a patient to health?

Answer 22

Why can dehydration be such a life-threating event?

Question 23

What is an ion?

Answer 23

an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)

Question 24

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

Answer 24

the outermost electrons

Question 25

How do ions form ionic bonds?

Answer 25

Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges.

Question 26

Calcium’s atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?

Answer 26

+2

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an example of the level of structural organization represented by the image numbered 6?

Answer 27

smooth muscle

Question 28

One interaction in the figure could be considered the central interaction, one that is supported by the others. Which one?

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?

Answer 29

axial